Keeping in mind that the internal energy of abody consists of kinetic energy and potential energy of its particles, how would you distinguish between the internal energyof a body and its temperature?

Energy possessed by the atoms or molecules by virtue of their motion is called kinetic energy. There is a force of attraction between any two molecules; so they possess some potential energy. Sum of total kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules constituting a system are called the internal energy of the system.
Heat is the part of internal energy which is transferred from one body to another an account of the temperature difference. Thus the internal energy of a body was acquired by heat transfer.
When a gas heat at constant volume, the volume of the gas will not increase results there is no increase of kinetic energy of the molecule. Therefore the total given heat is going to increase the temperature of the system.