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Thank you....... How do we calculate no. of Chain, Position, Metamerism, Tautomerism? please tell me formula
Dear anuvrat,
This type of isomerism arises from the difference in the nature, structure of the carbon chain. For example, for butane (C4H10), the following arrangements are possible.
Pentane (C5H12) exhibits the following three structures.
Butanol (butyl alcohol) has the following two structures of the carbon chain.
For butanal, (C3H7CHO), the following chain isomers are possible.
This isomerism arises due to the difference in the position of the same functional group or the same substituent while the arrangement of carbon atoms remains same. For example,
Chloropropane (C3H7Cl) can have two positional isomers given below.
Butene (C4H8) can have two positional isomers.
Propanol (C3H7OH) has the following positional isomers.
The compounds having the same molecular formula but different functional groups are said to exhibit functional isomerism. Such compounds are termed functional isomers. For example, there are two compounds having the molecular formula C2H6O viz.,
Ether
Alcohol
The molecular formula C3H6O represents two functional isomers.
Aldehyde
Ketone
This type of isomerism arises from the unequal distribution of carbon atoms on either side of the functional group in the molecule of compounds belonging to the same homologous series. For example, diethyl ether and methylpropyl ether are metamers.
A ketonic compound having the molecular formula C5H10O, has the following two metamers.
This is a special case of functional isomerism. Certain substances can
exhibit properties of two functional groups as for instance, acetoacetic ester behaves like a ketone as well as an alcohol. This arises due to the migration of a labile hydrogen atom from one place to another.In acetoacetic ester, the inter-conversion between keto and enolic group takes place as follows.
In amides, it happens as follows:
Both these forms of the same molecule exist in equilibrium in a sample of compound. The migration of a labile hydrogen between two polyvalent atoms in the same molecule causes this type of dynamic isomerism. This is termed as tautomerism or keto-enol tautomerisn. Such isomers are termed as tautomers.
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B.Tech, IIT Delh
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