Dear student,
Moment of inertia is the name given to rotational inertia, the rotational analog of mass for linear motion. It appears in the relationships for the dynamics of  rotational motion. The moment of inertia must be specified with respect  to a chosen axis of rotation. For a point mass the moment of inertia is just the mass times the square of perpendicular distance to the rotation axis, I = mr2.  That point mass relationship becomes the basis for all other moments of  inertia since any object can be built up from a collection of point  masses.
 














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