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Silicates and Silicones
Silicates and Silicones:
Silicates:- Metal silicates having wide range of structures ranging from simple monomer to complex polymer is the general term given to metal ion attached to basic unit of tetrahedral nature of silicate ion. A silicate in general has Si-O bond and possesses a complex network solid having silicate ion groups, in cyclic groups, in infinite chains or infinite sheets given different structure to silicates such as chain silicates, ring silicates, cyclic silicates, sheet silicates, three dimensional silicates etc.
A large percentage of the earth’s crust consists of silicate minerals. As SiO2 in earth crust it exists as silica, sand, quartz and flints. Some of the other important silicate minerals are asbestos (calcium magnesium silicate i.e., CaMgSi2O6), feldspar (potassium aluminum silicate, KAlSi3O8), zeolite (sodium aluminium silicate, Na2Al2Si2O8xH2O) and diopside (magnesium calcium silicate, MgCaSi2O6).
Silicones:- Silicones having R2SiO units are organo-silicon synthetic polymers containing Si-O-Si linkages. The name silicone has been given for these polymeric compounds because their empirical formula resembles to ketone R2CO. These are formed by the hydrolysis of alkyl or aryl substituted chlorosilanes and their subsequent polymerization. The alkyl or aryl substituted chlorosilanes are prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagent and silicon tetrachloride.
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