Dear student,

Experiments have shown that the electric force between two objects is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between the two objects. The electric force between two electrons is the same as the electric force between two protons when they are placed as the same distance. This implies that the electric force does not depend on the mass of the particle. Instead, it depends on a new quantity: the electric charge. The unit of electric charge q is the Coulomb (C). The electric charge can be negative, zero, or positive. Per definition, the electric charge on a glass rod rubbed with silk is positive. The electric charge of electrons, protons and neutrons are listed in Table 22.2. Detailed measurements have shown that the magnitude of the charge of the proton is exactly equal to the magnitude of the charge of the electron. Since atoms are neutral, the number of electrons must be equal to the number of protons.

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