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how to know which compounds acquire octet state?why copper compounds does not acquire octet state?

how to know which compounds acquire octet state?why copper compounds does not acquire octet state?

Grade:11

1 Answers

Aman Bansal
592 Points
12 years ago

Dear Shyam,

Elements in the 3rd and higher periods may have more than 8 valence electrons. A possible explanation for this is to say that these atoms have d-type atomic orbitals to accommodate more than 8 electrons. In the following molecules, the number of valence electrons in the central atoms are as indicated:

MoleculeSF6PCl5ICl3XeF4
No. of valence
electrons for
central atom
12101012

   OH
   |
 O=S=O  
   |
   OH

Draw the Lewis dot structures for the above molecules, and count the number of valence electrons for the central atoms. For H2SO4, the S atom has 12 electrons in the structure shown on your right. Each dash represent a chemical bond, which has two electrons. There is a total of 6 bonds around the S atom, and therefore 12 electrons.

When B, Be, and some metals are the central atoms, they have less than 8 valence electrons. The following compounds do form, but the octet rule is not satisfied. These are electron defficient molecules. 

MoleculeBeCl2BF3BCl3SnCl2
No. of valence
electrons for
central atom
4666

Another case of exception to the octet rule are molecules with odd number of valence electrons. For example: 

N ONO2ClO2
No. of valence
electrons for
central atom
111719

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