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WHAT IS ORTHA PARA ACTIVATING GROUPS

WHAT IS ORTHA PARA ACTIVATING GROUPS

Grade:11

1 Answers

Aarti Gupta
askIITians Faculty 300 Points
10 years ago
The substituents or groups which direct the incoming group to ortho and para positions are called ortho and para directiong groups.For ex- -CH3,-C2H5,-OH,-Br,-NH2,-OCH3 etc.
For example nitration of toluene is carried out,then mixture of ortho and para nitrotoluene is formed.
C6H5CH3 + HNO3 + H2SO4 ------------> o-Nitrotoluene + p-Nitrotoluene
All the above groups except the halogens increases the reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic substitutions as they increases the e-density at the ring through resonance effect.In case of phenol the -OH group directs the incoming groups to o and p posotions and activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution.So e- density is more concentrated at these position thus electrophilic substitution takes place at ortho and para positions.

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