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During nitration of benzene if we add NaHSO4 I.e common ion then reaction slows down. Why? As H2SO4 is strong electrolyte then how common ion effect?
In the 1st step of the reaction mechanism, H2SO4 is treated as an acid compared to HNO3 and involves in the equilibrium acid base reaction. So, if we externally add NaHSO4, the excess of HSO4- ion will tend to shift the equilibrium to the reactant side according to Le Chatelier principle. So, the reaction gets slow down.[tex]HN{O_3} + {H_2}S{O_4} \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over{\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}} {H_2}\mathop O\limits^ + - N{O_2} + HS{O_4}^ - [/tex]
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