hi.. i have a qstrion frm s block my qstion is reducing agent means the ease of element to loose electron then as in grp1 as w move down the ionization energy drceses then francium must be the most reducing agent however it is lithium why is it so?????

First of all, Francium is radioactive...So it is difficult to study its properties. The following steps are involved in reducing character:

1. M(s) -> M(g)

2. M -> M+  +   e-

3. M+(g)  -> M+(s)

If you consider among Cs and Li, we can agree that Cs has advantage in the first two steps due to low ionisation energy, but Li has a great advantage in the third step due to its very high hydration energy which decreases down the group and is very low for Cs...This is why Li is a better reducing agent.

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