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1. Can a carboxylic acid be reduced by Hydrogen in presence of catalyst? If so, why do we convert it into ester before reduction with Hydrogen in presence of catalyst?
2. Why in Kolbe's reaction and Reimer-Tiemann reactions, ortho product predominates whereas in other reactions, para predominates?
Carboxylic acids can be reduced by hydrogen only in the presence of selective catalysts like Ru-C and Wilkinsons catalyst[Rh(Cl)(Ph3P)3]. These catalysts are expensive and difficult to prepare. So we convert them to esters which can be easily reduced with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts like Pt, Ni etc. to alcohols.
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