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What is capacitance?
Below given figure shows a generalized capacitor, consisting of two conductors a and b of arbitrary shape. No matter what their geometry, these conductors are called plates. We assume that they are totally isolated from their surroundings. We further assume, for the time being, that the conductors exist in a vacuum.
A capacitor is said to be charged if its plates carry equal and opposite charges +q and –q. note that q is not the net charge on the capacitor, which is zero. In our discussion of capacitors, we let q represent the absolute value of the charge on either plate, that is, q represents a magnitude only, and the sigh of the charge on a given plate must be specified. We can “charge” capacitor by connecting one of its plates to the positive terminal of a battery and the other plate to the negative terminal. The flow of charge in an electrical circuit is analogous to the flow fluid, and the battery serves as a “pump” for electric charge. When we connect a battery to the capacitor the battery “pumps” electrons from the positive plate of the capacitor to the negative plat. After the battery moves a quantity of charge of magnitude q, the charge on the positive plate is +q and the charge on the negative plate is –q.
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