hello sir,

can u send me some information abt acidic strength order of compounds,rules for finding this with some examples plz.

The Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-base Pairs

• Strong acids have a weak conjugate base.

Example: HCl is a strong acid. If HCl is a strong acid, it must be a good proton donor. HCl can only be a good proton donor, however, if the Cl^- ion is a poor proton acceptor. Thus, the Cl^- ion must be a weak base.

HCl(g)	+	H2O(l)		H3O+(aq)	+	Cl-(aq)
Strong acid						Weak base

• Strong bases have a weak conjugate acid.

Example: Let's consider the relationship between the strength of the ammonium (NH₄⁺) and its conjugate base, ammonia (NH₃). The NH₄⁺ ion is a weak acid because ammonia is a reasonably good base.

NH4+(aq)	+	H2O(l)		H3O+(aq)	+	NH3(aq)
Weak acid						Good base

Comparing Relative Strengths of Pairs of Acids and Bases

The value of K_a for an acid can be used to decide whether it is a strong acid or a weak acid, in an absolute sense. It can also be used l to compare the relative strengths of a pair of acids.

Example: Consider HCl and the H₃O⁺ ion.

These K_a values suggest that both are strong acids, but HCl is a stronger acid than the H₃O⁺ ion.

A high proportion of the HCl molecules in an aqueous solution reacts with water to form H₃O⁺ and Cl^- ions. The Brnsted theory suggests that every acid-base reaction converts an acid into its conjugate base and a base into its conjugate acid.

There are two acids and two bases in this reaction. The stronger acid, however, is on the left side of the equation.

HCl(g)	+	H2O(l)		H3O+(aq)	+ Cl-(aq)
stronger acid				weaker acid

The general rules suggest that the stronger of a pair of acids must form the weaker of a pair of conjugate bases. The fact that HCl is a stronger acid than the H₃O⁺ ion implies that the Cl^- ion is a weaker base than water.

Thus, the equation for the reaction between HCl and water can be written as follows.

HCl(g)	+	H2O(l)		H3O+(aq)	+	Cl-(aq)
stronger acid		stronger base		weaker acid		weaker base

It isn't surprising that 99.996% of the HCl molecules in a 6 M solution react with water to give H₃O⁺ ions and Cl^- ions. The stronger of a pair of acids should react with the stronger of a pair of bases to form a weaker acid and a weaker base.

Let's look at the relative strengths of acetic acid and the H₃O⁺ ion.

The values of K_a for these acids suggest that acetic acid is a much weaker acid than the H₃O⁺ ion, which explains why acetic acid is a weak acid in water. Once again, the reaction between the acid and water must convert the acid into its conjugate base and the base into its conjugate acid.

But this time, the stronger acid and the stronger base are on the right side of the equation.

CH3CO2H(aq)	+	H2O(l)		H3O+(aq)	+	CH3CO2-(aq)
weaker acid		weaker base		stronger acid		stronger base

As a result, only a few of the CH₃CO₂H molecules actually donate an H⁺ ion to a water molecule to form the H₃O⁺ and CH₃CO₂^- ions.