how is ascariasis caused?

Ascariasis is an infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, which is one species of roundworm.

Infections caused by roundworms—which are a type of parasitic worm that can be as small as one millimeter or as long as a one meter—are relatively common. Ascariasis is the most common roundworm infection. According to the World Health Organization, as many as one billion people are infected by Ascaris lumbricoides worldwide.

Ascariasis is most common in places without modern sanitation. It is transmitted through unsafe food and water. Municipally treated drinking water decreases the frequency of the disease.

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Ascariasis isn't spread directly from person to person. Instead, a person has to come into contact with soil mixed with human feces that contain ascariasis eggs or infected water. In many developing countries, human feces are used for fertilizer, or poor sanitary facilities allow human waste to mix with soil in yards, ditches and fields.

Small children often play in dirt, and infection can occur if they put their dirty fingers in their mouths. Unwashed fruits or vegetables grown in contaminated soil also can transmit the ascariasis eggs.