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what is nutriition? why we need nutrittion? name the type of nutrition?

what is nutriition? why we need nutrittion? name the type of nutrition?

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2 Answers

RAHUL ROHILLA
askIITians Faculty 873 Points
6 years ago
NutritionDefinitionGoodnutritioncanhelppreventdiseaseandpromotehealth.Therearesixcategoriesofnutrientsthatthebodyneedstoacquirefromfood:protein,carbohydrates,fat,fibers,vitaminsandminerals,andwater.ProteinsProteinsuppliesaminoacidstobuildandmaintainhealthybodytissue.Thereare20aminoacidsconsideredessentialbecausethebodymusthaveallofthemintherightamountstofunctionproperly.Twelveofthesearemanufacturedinthebodybuttheothereightaminoacidsmustbeprovidedbythediet.Foodsfromanimalsourcessuchasmilkoreggsoftencontainalltheseessentialaminoacidswhileavarietyofplantproductsmustbetakentogethertoprovideallthesenecessaryproteincomponents.FatFatsuppliesenergyandtransportsnutrients.Therearetwofamiliesoffattyacidsconsideredessentialforthebody:theomega-3andomega-6fattyacids.Essentialfattyacidsarerequiredbythebodytofunctionnormally.Theycanbeobtainedfromcanolaoil,flaxseedoil,cold-waterfish,orfishoil,allofwhichcontainomega-3 fatty acids,andprimroseorblackcurrantseedoil,whichcontainsomega-6fattyacids.TheAmericandietoftencontainsanexcessofomega-6fattyacidsandinsufficientamountsofomega-3fats.Increasedconsumptionofomega-3oilsisrecommendedtohelpreduceriskofcardiovasculardiseasesandcancerandalleviatesymptomsofrheumatoidarthritis,premenstrual syndrome,dermatitis,andinflammatoryboweldisease.CarbohydratesCarbohydratesarethebody'smainsourceofenergyandshouldbethemajorpartoftotaldailyintake.Therearetwotypesofcarbohydrates:simplecarbohydrates(suchassugarorhoney)orcomplexcarbohydrates(suchasgrains,beans,peas,orpotatoes).Complexcarbohydratesarepreferredbecausethesefoodsaremorenutritiousyethavefewercaloriespergramcomparedtofatandcausefewerproblemswithovereatingthanfatorsugar.Complexcarbohydratesalsoarepreferredoversimplecarbohydratesbydiabeticsbecausetheyallowbetterbloodglucosecontrol.FiberFiberisthematerialthatgivesplantstextureandsupport.Althoughitisprimarilymadeupofcarbohydrates,itdoesnothavealotofcaloriesandisusuallynotbrokendownbythebodyforenergy.Dietaryfiberisfoundinplantfoodssuchasfruits,vegetables,legumes,nuts,andwholegrains.
Therearetwotypesoffiber:solubleandinsoluble.Insolublefiber,asthenameimplies,doesnotdissolveinwaterbecauseitcontainshighamountofcellulose.Insolublefibercanbefoundinthebranofgrains,thepulpoffruitandtheskinofvegetables.Solublefiberisthetypeoffiberthatdissolvesinwater.Itcanbefoundinavarietyoffruitsandvegetablessuchasapples,oatmealandoatbran,ryeflour,anddriedbeans.
Althoughtheysharesomecommoncharacteristicssuchasbeingpartiallydigestedinthestomachandintestinesandhavefewcalories,eachtypeoffiberhasitsownspecifichealthbenefits.Insolublefiberspeedsupthetransitoffoodsthroughthedigestivesystemandaddsbulktothestools,therefore,itisthetypeoffiberthathelpstreatconstipationordiarrheaandpreventscoloncancer.Ontheotherhand,onlysolublefibercanlowerbloodcholesterollevels.Thistypeoffiberworksbyattachingitselftothecholesterolsothatitcanbeeliminatedfromthebody.Thispreventscholesterolfromrecirculatingandbeingreabsorbedintothebloodstream.In2003,theWorldHealthOrganizationreleasedanewreportspecificallyoutliningthelinkofahealthydietrichinhigh-fiberplantfoodstopreventingcancer.Vitamins and mineralsVitaminsareorganicsubstancespresentinfoodandrequiredbythebodyinasmallamountforregulationofmetabolismandmaintenanceofnormalgrowthandfunctioning.ThemostcommonlyknownvitaminsareA,B1(thiamine),B2(riboflavin),B3(niacin),B5(pantothenicacid),B6(pyridoxine),B7(biotin),B9(folicacid),B12(cobalamin),C(ascorbicacid),D,E,andK.TheBandCvitaminsarewatersoluble,excessamountsofwhichareexcretedintheurine.TheA,D,E,andKvitaminsarefat-solubleandwillbestoredinthebodyfat.
Mineralsarevitaltoourexistencebecausetheyarethebuildingblocksthatmakeupmuscles,tissues,andbones.Theyalsoareimportantcomponentsofmanylife-supportingsystems,suchashormones,oxygentransport,andenzymesystems.
Therearetwokindsofminerals:themajor(ormacro)mineralsandthetraceminerals.Majormineralsarethemineralsthatthebodyneedsinlargeamounts.Thefollowingmineralsareclassifiedasmajor:calcium,phosphorus,magnesium,sodium,potassium,sulfur,andchloride.Theyareneededtobuildmuscles,blood,nervecells,teeth,andbones.Theyalsoareessentialelectrolytesthatthebodyrequirestoregulatebloodvolumeandacid-basebalance.
Unlikethemajorminerals,tracemineralsareneededonlyintinyamounts.Eventhoughtheycanbefoundinthebodyinexceedinglysmallamounts,theyarealsoveryimportanttothehumanbody.Thesemineralsparticipateinmostchemicalreactionsinthebody.Theyalsoareneededtomanufactureimportanthormones.Thefollowingareclassifiedastraceminerals:iron,zinc,iodine,copper,manganese,fluoride,chromium,selenium,molybdenum,andboron.
Manyvitamins(suchasvitaminsA,C,andE)andminerals(suchaszinc,copper,selenium,ormanganese)actasantioxidants.Theyprotectthebodyagainstthedamagingeffectsoffreeradicals.Theyscavengeormopupthesehighlyreactiveradicalsandchangethemintoinactive,lessharmfulcompounds.Insodoing,theseessentialnutrientshelppreventcancerandmanyotherdegenerativediseases,suchasprematureaging,heartdisease,autoimmunediseases,arthritis,cataracts,Alzheimer'sdisease,anddiabetesmellitus.WaterWaterhelpstoregulatebodytemperature,transportsnutrientstocells,andridsthebodyofwastematerials.OriginsUnlikeplants,humanbeingscannotmanufacturemostofthenutrientsthattheyneedtofunction.Theymusteatplantsand/orotheranimals.Althoughnutritionaltherapycametotheforefrontofthepublic'sawarenessinthelatetwentiethcentury,thenotionthatfoodaffectshealthisnotnew.JohnHarveyKelloggwasanearlyhealth-foodpioneerandanadvocateofahigh-fiberdiet.Anavowedvegetarian,hebelievedthatmeatproductswereparticularlydetrimentaltothecolon.Inthe1870s,KelloggfoundedtheBattleCreekSanitarium,wherehedevelopedadietbasedonnutandvegetableproducts.PurposeGoodnutritionhelpsindividualsachievegeneralhealthandwell-being.Inaddition,dietarymodificationsmightbeprescribedforavarietyofcomplaintsincludingallergies,anemia,arthritis,colds,depressions,fatigue,gastrointestinaldisorders,highorlowbloodpressure,insomnia,headaches,obesity,pregnancy,premenstrualsyndrome(PMS),respiratoryconditions,andstress.
Nutritionaltherapymayalsobeinvolvedasacomplementtotheallopathictreatmentsofcancer,diabetes,andParkinson'sdisease.Otherspecificdietarymeasuresincludetheeliminationoffoodadditivesforattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD),gluten-freedietsforschizophrenia,anddairy-freeforchronicrespiratorydiseases.
Ahigh-fiberdiethelpspreventortreatthefollowinghealthconditions:Highcholesterollevels.Fibereffectivelylowersbloodcholesterollevels.Itappearsthatsolublefiberbindstocholesterolandmovesitdownthedigestivetractsothatitcanbeexcretedfromthebody.Thispreventsthecholesterolfrombeingreabsorbedintothebloodstream.
Constipation.Ahigh-fiberdietisthepreferrednondrugtreatmentforconstipation.Fiberinthedietaddsmorebulktothestools,makingthemsofterandshorteningthetimefoodsstayinthedigestivetract.
Hemorrhoids.Fiberinthedietaddsmorebulkandsoftensthestool,thus,reducingpainfulhemorrhoidalsymptoms.
Diabetes.Solublefiberinthedietslowsdowntheriseofbloodsugarlevelsfollowingamealandhelpscontroldiabetes.
Obesity.Dietaryfibermakesapersonfeelfullfaster.
Cancer.Insolublefiberinthedietspeedsupthemovementofthestoolsthroughthegastrointestinaltract.Thefasterfoodtravelsthroughthedigestivetract,thelesstimethereisforpotentialcancer-causingsubstancestowork.Therefore,dietshighininsolublefiberhelppreventtheaccumulationoftoxicsubstancesthatcausecancerofthecolon.Becausefiberreducesfatabsorptioninthedigestivetract,italsomaypreventbreastcancer.Adietlowinfatalsopromotesgoodhealthandpreventsmanydiseases.Low-fatdietscanhelptreatorcontrolthefollowingconditions:Obesity.Highfatconsumptionoftenleadstoexcesscaloricandfatintake,whichincreasesbodyfat.
Coronaryarterydisease.Highconsumptionofsaturatedfatsisassociatedwithcoronaryarterydisease.
Diabetes.Peoplewhoareoverweighttendtodeveloporworsenexistingdiabeticconditionsduetodecreasedinsulinsensitivity.
Breastcancer.Ahighdietaryconsumptionoffatisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofbreastcancer.
Raj
27 Points
6 years ago
NutritionDefinitionGoodnutritioncanhelppreventdiseaseandpromotehealth.Therearesixcategoriesofnutrientsthatthebodyneedstoacquirefromfood:protein,carbohydrates,fat,fibers,vitaminsandminerals,andwater.ProteinsProteinsuppliesaminoacidstobuildandmaintainhealthybodytissue.Thereare20aminoacidsconsideredessentialbecausethebodymusthaveallofthemintherightamountstofunctionproperly.Twelveofthesearemanufacturedinthebodybuttheothereightaminoacidsmustbeprovidedbythediet.Foodsfromanimalsourcessuchasmilkoreggsoftencontainalltheseessentialaminoacidswhileavarietyofplantproductsmustbetakentogethertoprovideallthesenecessaryproteincomponents.FatFatsuppliesenergyandtransportsnutrients.Therearetwofamiliesoffattyacidsconsideredessentialforthebody:theomega-3andomega-6fattyacids.Essentialfattyacidsarerequiredbythebodyto

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