Questions

Exercise – 1

1. The yield of paddy can be increased by the application of-

(1) Nostoc

(2) Symbiotic bacteria

(3) Iron bacteria

(4) Archaebacteria

2. Unicellular cyanobacteria reproduce asexually by -

(1) Conjugation

(2) Fragmentation

(3) Binary fission

(4) Hormogones

3. Red tides are caused by-

(1) Anabaena

(2) Nostoc

(3) Gleocapsa

(4) Trichodesmium

4. During monsoon ground becomes slippery because of –

(1) Green algae

(2) Blue-green algae

(3) Mosses

(4) Liverworts

5. Which blue-green alga remain in symbiotic association with Anthoceros –

(1) Azolla

(2) Spirochaete

(3) Spirulina

(4) Nostoc

6. Alga associated with Cycas root is –

(1) Anabaena

(2) Chara

(3) Chlorella

(4) Cladophora

7. Some micro-organisms forming nuisance water blooms in lakes, ponds, oceans belong to –

(1) Brown and red algae

(2) Desmids and myxomycetes

(3) Cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates

(4) Aquatic angiosperms and algal fungi

8. Which type of ribosomes are found in Nostoc cells-

(1) 50 S

(2) 60 S

(3) 70 S

(4) Eukaryotic

9. Nostoc is a –

(1) Green alga

(2) Yellow-green alga

(3) Blue-green alga

(4) Red alga

10. Nitrogen fixers in Azolla is –

(1) Nostoc

(2) Anabaena

(3) Aulosira

(4) Azospirillum

11. Which one of the following is also algae

(1) Cyanobacteria

(2) Rhodospirillum

(3) Green bacteria

(4) Purple bacterium

12. Heterocyst constitutes –

(1) A weakest link in trichome

(2) A strongest link in trichome

(3) A strong link in some trichomes

(4) No link at all

13. In what points the Albugo resemble Ulothrix –

(1) In food reserves

(2) In unicelled gemetangia

(3) In cellulosic cell wall

(4) In uninucleated cells

14. What holds the conidia together into a chain in Cystopus (Albugo)

(1) Middle lamila

(2) Cell-wall

(3) Intercalary mucilagenous septum

(4) Plamodesmata

15. Sexual reproduction by gametangial copulation occurs in

(1) Synchytrium

(2) Yeast

(3) Rhizopus

(4) Both (2) and (3)

16. Red rot of sugar cane is caused by –

(1) Puccinia

(2) Albugo

(3) Ustilago

(4) Colletotrichum

17. ‘LSD' is obtained from –

(1) Clavatia

(2) Claviceps

(3) Amanita

(4) Trichoderma

18. Fungi are always –

(1) Autotrophs

(2) Heterotrophs

(3) Saprophytes

(4) Parasites

19. Yeast is an important source of –

(1) Vitamin C

(2) Vitamin B

(3) Vitamin A

(4) Vitamin D

20. Pseudomycelium is characteristic feature of –

(1) Mushroom

(2) Mucor

(3) Bread mould

(4) Yeast

21. Common form of food stored in a fungal cell is –

(1) Glycogen

(2) Starch

(3) Glucose

(4) Sucrose

22. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is –

(1) Akaryote

(2) Prokaryote

(3) Mesokaryote

(4) Eukaryote

23. Gibberellin was first discovered from –

(1) Algae

(2) Fungi

(3) Bacteria

(4) Roots of higher plants

24. In the production of leavened bread, the following is used-

(1) Bacterium

(2) Yeast

(3) Rhizopus

(4) None of these

25. Rhizopus belongs to the class –

(1) Ascomycetes

(2) Phyeomycetes

(3) Basidiomycetes

(4) Deuteromycetes

26. The term lichen was first used by –

(1) Aristotle

(2) Acharius

(3) Theophrastus

(4) Bonnier

27. The lichens multiply asexually by forming

(1) Chlamydospores

(2) Zoospores

(3) Aplanospores

(4) Conidia

28. The lichens generally do not contain as mycobiont belonging to -

(1) Mastigomycotina only

(2) Mastigo and Zygomycotina

(3) Deuteromycotina

(4) All of these

29. The attachment structure/s found in lichens –

(1) Rhizomes

(2) Hold fast

(3) Both of these

(4) Rhizosphere

30. Lichens growing on- rocks are called –

(1) Corticoles

(2) Lignicoles

(3) Terricoles

(4) Saxicoles

31. The following lichen is used as food in tundras

(1) Cladonia

(2) Parmelia

(3) Usnea

(4) All of these

32. Lichens are important in studies on atmospheric pollution because they –

(1) Can also grow in greatly polluted atmosphere

(2) Can readily multiply in polluted atmosphere

(3) Efficiently purify the atmosphere

(4) Are very sensitive to pollutants

33. Most of the lichens consist of –

(1) Brown algae and higher plant

(2) Red algae and ascomycetes

(3) Blue green algae and acomycetes

(4) Blue green algae and basidiomycetes

34. The symbiotic association of fungi and algae is called –

(1) Lichen

(2) Mycorrhiza

(3) Rhizome

(4) Endomycorrhiza

35. Reinder moss is the common name of –

(1) Usnea comosa

(2) Cladonia rangiferina

(3) Funaria hygrometrica

(4) Sphagnum aceutifolium

36. Bioindicators are –

(1) Lichens tracing the presence of pollution

(2) Fossil lichens

(3) Special type of litmus paper

(4) None above

37. Which one of the following is not true about lichens?

(1) Their body is composed of both algae and fungal cells

(2) These grow very fast at the rate of about 2cm per year

(3) Some form food for reindeer in arctic regions

(4) Some species can be used as pollution indicators

38. Lichens are ecologically important because

(1) Can grow in greatly polluted area

(2) They are association of algae and fungi

(3) They are pioneers (earliest settlers on barren rocks) and pass xeric conditions successful

(4) They are associated with mycorrhiza toots

39. Bryophytes include –

(1) Liverworts and ferns

(2) Mosses and ferns

(3) Mosses and liverworts

(4) None of the above

40. Which plant group is known as 'Amphibians of plant kingdom?

(1) Pteridophyta

(2) Bryophyta

(3) Algae

(4) Fungi

41. Which commonly known as Peat moss' or 'Bog moss'?

(1) Polytrichum

(2) Funaria

(3) Sphagnum

(4) Riccia

42. Elaters are present in capsule of

(1) Riccia

(2) Marchantia

(3) Anthoceros

(4) Funaria

43. Which is commonly known as 'Hornwort'?

(1) Riccia

(2) Marchantia

(3) Anthoceros

(4) Sphagnum

44. Mosses are indicator of-

(1) Air pollution

(2) Water pollution

(3) Radiation pollution

(4) Soil pollution

45. In Funaria –

(1) Outer peristome teeth are hygroscopic than the inner teeth

(2) Both the types of teeth are hygroscopic

(3) Inner teeth are responsible for spores dispersal

(4) Outer teeth are diploid and inner haploid

46. Elaters are present in sporogonium of –

(1) Selaginella

(2) Marchantia

(3) Riccia

(4) Sphagnum

47. A bryophyte differs from pteridophytes in –

(1) Archegonia

(2) Lack of vascular tissue

(3) Swimming antherozoids

(4) Independent gametophytes

48. Which among the following was named after the Italian politician P. F. Ricci –

(1) Funaria

(2) Riccia

(3) Anthoceros

(4) Dumoitiera

49. The unique feature of bryophytes compared to other plant groups is that –

(1) They produce spores

(2) They lack vascular tissues

(3) They lack roots

(4) Their sporophyte is attached to the gametophyte

50. Bryophytes grow in moist and shady environments because –

(1) They cannot grow on land

(2) Their gametes fuse in water

(3) They lack vascular tissue

(4) They lack roots and stomata

51. Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte in

(1) Bryophytes

(2) Gymnosperms

(3) Angiosperms

(4) Pteridophytes

52. Among the following which one are non-vascular plants

(1) Pteridophytes

(2) Bryophytes

(3) Angiosperms

(4) Gymnosperms

53. Bryophytes are different from fungi in having

(1) Land habit

(2) Sterile jacket layers

(3) Multiflagellate gametes

(4) Gametophytic plant body

54. Funaria may be differentiated from Pinus by the character

(1) No fruits are produced

(2) No seeds are produced

(3) Antheridia and archegonia

(4) Presence of sporophyte

55. The only positive evidence of aquatic ancestry of bryophytes is –

(1) Their green colour

(2) Thread-like protonema

(3) Ciliated sperms

(4) Some forms are still aquatic

56. If in Bryophytes like Riccia and Funaria reproduction occurs by parthenogenesis then what will be number of chromosomes in the daughter progeny as compared to its parents –

(1) Double

(2) Half

(3) One fourth

(4) Equal to parent

57. An autoecious bryophyte is one in which –

(1) Male and female sex organs are produced on the same branch

(2) Male and female sex organs are produced on the same plant

(3) Male and female sex organs are produced on different plants

(4) Male and female sex organs are produced on different branches of the same plant

58. Which among the following is considered advanced among pteridophytes?

(1) Club mosses

(2) Ferns

(3) Quillworts

(4) Scouring rushers

59. The rhizophore is not a true root because it is

(1) Endogenous

(2) Exogenous

(3) Mesogenous

(4) Endarch

60. The pteridophyte popularly known as 'Quillwort' and 'Merllyns grass' is –

(1) lsoetes

(2) Marsilea

(3) Lycopodium

(4) Selaginella

61. Fern plant is a –

(1) Haploid gametophyte

(2) Diploid gametophyte

(3) Diploid sporophyte

(4) Haploid sporophyte

62. A plant having vascular supply, producing spores but lacking seeds is a –

(1) Bryophyte

(2) Pteridophyte

(3) Gymnosperm

(4) Angiosperm

63. The first seed plants appeared during which period-

(1) Silurian

(2) Devonian

(3) Carboniferous

(4) Cretaceous

64. Seed habit first originated in

(1) Certain pteridophytes

(2) Certain pines

(3) Certain monocots

(4) Certain dicots

65. Which of the following plants exhibit independent alternation of generation?

(1) Angiosperms

(2) Gymnosperms

(3) Pteridophytes

(4) Bryophytes

66. In which of the following rocks the earlier vascular plants have been discovered?

(1) Early cambrian

(2) Early devonian

(3) Mid cretaceous

(4) Silurian

67. While entering the neck of a fern archegonium, sperms show –

(1) Phototaxy

(2) Chemotaxy

(3) Thermotaxy

(4) Cyclosis

68. Chlorophyll and chloroplast are present in spores of –

(1) Lycopodium

(2) Azolla

(3) Dryopteris

(4) Marsillea

69. Which of the following has amphiphloic siprionostele –

(1) Rhizome of Marsilea

(2) Stem of Lycopodium

(3) Rhizome of pteris

(4) Stem of Equisetum

70. Heterospory and seed habit are of the discussed in relation to a structure called –

(1) Spathe

(2) Bract

(3) Petiole

(4) Ligule

71. 'Maiden hair fern' is –

(1) Dryopteris

(2) Azolla

(3) Adiantum

(4) Pteris

72. Sporocarp is a reproductive structure of

(1) Some algae

(2) Some aquatic ferns having sari

(3) Angiosperms having spores

(4) Bryophytes

73. Protostele is –

(1) Stele divided into many parts

(2) Early stele with central solid xylem surrounded by phloem

(3) Latent stele

(4) Angiosperm stele

74. Polystelic condition is found in

(1) Rachis of Pteris

(2) Roots of Dryopteris

(3) Stem of all species of Selaginella

(4) Stem of Selaginella willdenowii

75. The vascular supply given from the main stele for leaf is called –

(1) Leaf gap

(2) Leaf trace

(3) Branch trace

(4) Haplostele

76. Indusium is found in –

(1) Fungi'

(2) Moss

(3) Algae

(4) Fern

77. The walking fern is so named because

(1) Its spores are able to walk

(2) It is dispersed through the agency of walking animals

(3) It propagates vegetatively by its leaf tips.

(4) It knows how to walk by itself

78. Prothallus means –

(1) Immature gametophyte

(2) Immature sporophyte

(3) Immature archegonium

(4) None of these

79. Which one of the following is the earliest land plant?

(1) Cordaites

(2) Cooksonia

(3) Hornea

(4) Rhynia

80. Neck canal cells are absent in archegonia of

(1) Bryophytes

(2) Gymnosperms

(3) Pteridophules

(4) All of these

81. The ovules of Gymnosperms are –

(1) Anatropous and Unitegmic

(2) Orthotropous and Unitegmic

(3) Anatropous and Bitegmic

(4) Orthotropous and Bitegmic

82. Resin canals and Mucilage canal of Gymnosperms are example of-

(1) Schizogenous cavity

(2) Lysigenous cavity

(3) Large vacuole

(4) Inter cellular cavity

83. Birbal Sahni discovered fossil plant 'Pentaxylon' from Rajmahal hills of Bihar belongs to-

(1) Bryophyta

(2) Pteridophyta

(3) Gymnosperm

(4) Angiosperm

84. Endosperm in Gymnosperm is formed –

(1) At the time of fertilization

(2) Before fertilization

(3) After fertilization

(4) Along with the development of embryo

85. In Gymnosperm, Endosperm is formed by –

(1) Fusion between a male gamete and two polar nuclei

(2) Fusion 'between a male gamete and a polar nuclei

(3) Fusion between egg and male gamete

(4) Germination of megaspore

86. The endosperm of Gymnosperm is-

(1) Haploid

(2) Diploid

(3) Triploid

(4) Tetraploid

87. Fruits are not formed in Gymnosperms because of –

(1) Absence of pollination

(2) Absence of seed

(3) Absence of fertilization

(4) Absence of ovary

88. The phenomenon of vivipary has been observed in which Gymnosperm –

(1) Agathis alba

(2) Pinus wallchiana

(3) Ephedra trifurcata

(4) Cycas cercinalis

89. Xylem element of Gymnosperm lacks-

(1) Vessels

(2) Tracheids

(3) Parenchyma

(4) Sclerenchyma

90. Phloem element of Gymnosperm lacks –

(1) Sieve element

(2) Companion cell

(3) Parenchyma

(4) Sclenchyma

91. Non-porous wood is the characteristic feature of-

(1) Gymnosperm

(2) Angiosperm

(3) Both 1 and 2

(4) None of these

92. Archegonia are absent in the ovules of –

(1) Gnetum

(2) Welwestchia

(3) Ephedra

(4) Both 1 and 2

93. Vessels are present in the wood of,

(1) Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra

(2) Ephedra, Pinus, Gnetum

(3) Ephedra, Gnetum, Welwestchia

(4) Ephedra, Welwestchia, Thuja

94. Bitegmic ovules are found in

(1) Gnetum and Welwestchia

(2) Gnetum and Ephedra

(3) Ephedra and Welwestchia

(4) Welwestchia and Araucaria.

95. The longest neck of archegonia is found in which of the Gymnosperm –

(1) Gnetum

(2) Ephedra

(3) Welwestchia

(4) Pinus

96. Polycotyledonary habit is found in –

(1) Monocot

(2) Dicot

(3) Ferns

(4) Gymnosperm

97. In which of the following, fertilization is possible without water –

(1) Algae

(2) Bryophytes

(3) Pteridophytes

(4) Gymnosperm

98. In Gymnosperms, the vascular strand is made up of-

(1) Conjoint vascular bundles

(2) Open vascular bundles

(3) Collateral vascular bundles

(4) All of the above

99. In Gymnosperms, the seeds are naked because they lack-

(1) Integuments

(2) Pericarp

(3) Nucellus

(4) Parienth

100. In Gymnosperms, seeds are said to be naked because they-

(1) Do not have ovule

(2) Do not have ovary

(3) Do not contain endosperm

(4) Do not contain starch

101. Cones and flowers are similar because -

(1) Both are bright and showy

(2) Both are reproductive organs

(3) Do not contain endosperm

(4) Do not contain starch

102. The embryo sac in a angiosperm is –

(1) Megasporangium

(2) Megaspore mother cell

(3) Megagametophyte

(4) Megaspore

103. Fertilization in which male gametes are carried through pollen tube is called –

(1) Porogamy

(2) Syngamy

(3) Siphonogamy

(4) Chalazogamy

104. When pollen of a flower is transferred to the stigma of another flower of the same plant, this pollination is referred to as –

(1) Xenogamy

(2) Geitonogamy

(3) Autogamy

(4) Allogamy

105. An embryo may sometimes develop from a cell of embryo sac other than egg, this is called –

(1) Parthenocarpy

(2) Apogamy

(3) Apospory

(4) Parthenogenesis

106. The tapetal cells are -

(1) Uninucleate

(2) Anucleate

(3) Multinucleate

(4) Dikaryotic

107. If sporophyte of sporophytic plant contain 16 chromosomes, then no. of chromosomes in a microspore mother cell will be -

(1) 16

(2) 8

(3) 32

(4) 24

108. Development of sporophyte without fertilization from the vegetative cells of the gametophyte is called –

(1) Zygospory

(2) Aplanospory

(3) Apospory

(4) Apogarny

109. In angiosperms, a. mature male gametophyte is derived from a pollen mother cell by –

(1) Three mitotic divisions

(2) One meiotic and two mitotic divisions

(3) Two meiotic divisions

(4) A single meiotic division

110. Aleurone layer helps in-

(1) Protection

(2) Growth

(3) Nutrition

(4) Water absorption

111. Nucellar polyembryony is seen in

(1) Citrus

(2) Zea

(3) Coconut

(4) All of these

112. Growth of pollen tube towards embryo sac is-

(1) Chemotropism

(2) Thigmotroptsm

(3) Geotropism

(4) None of these

113. Poisonous pollens are in-

(1) Alnus

(2) Citrus

(3) Putranjiva

(4) Seania

114. Perisperm is remaining part of –

(1) Endosperm

(2) Ovule

(3) Nucellus

(4) Integument

115. Formation of plant from the ovum is called-

(1) Apospory

(2) Apogamy

(3) Amphimixis

(4) Parthenogenesis

116. A totipotent cell means-

(1) An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into a system or entire plant

(2) An undifferentiated cell capable of developing .into an organ

(3) An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into complete embryo

(4) Cell which lacks the capability to differentiate into an organ or system

117. Parasexual hydridisation means fusion of-

(1) Male gamete with female gamete

(2) Male gamete with synergid

(3) Somatic protoplasts

(4) Male gamete with somatic cell

118. Hundreds of antipodals cells are found in –

(1) Bambusa

(2) Sasa

(3) Gossypium

(4) None of these

119. Germpore is the region where exine is –

(1) Thick

(2) Uniform

(3) Thick and uniform

(4) Absent

120. Tapetum is found in-

(1) Anther

(2) Male gametophyte

(3) Female gametophyte

(4) Microspore

121. When pollen tube enters through funiculus or integument, it is called –

(1) Porogamy

(2) Chalazogamy

(3) Mesogamy

(4) Isogamy

122. Exalbuminous seeds store food in-

(1) Endosperm

(2) Cotyledons

(3) Nucellus

(4) Embryo

123. The role of double .fertilization in angiosperms is to produce-

(1) Endosperm

(2) Integuments

(3) Cotyledons

(4) Endocarp

124. If there are 4 cells in anther, what will be the number of pollen grains

(1) 8

(2) 4

(3) 16

(4) 12

125. If the cells of root in wheat plant have 42 chromosomes, then the no of chromosome in the cell of pollen grain is

(1) 14

(2) 21

(3) 28

(4) 42

Exercise – 2

1. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.

(a) Nocticula is colourless & does not have chloroplast and it has holozoic mode of nutrition. But yet they are placed in dinoflagellates.

(b) What is the reason that some dinoflagallates (e.g. Nocticula and Pyrosystis) show "Bioluminescence".

(d) Why, diatoms are used as a "heat insulator",

(e) Why Oscillatoria can surrive in hot water streams.

2. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.

(a) How we can consider that green algae are similar to higher plant.

(b) Why Sargassum, Laminaria etc. algae having brown colour.

(d) Why Thallophytes do not have embryo?

(e) Why bread becomes soft & spongy when yeast cells are added in wheat dough.

3. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.'

(a) "Noctiluca is the Protist of Pyrophyta division and the zygotic meiosis present in the organism of pyrophyta division but absent in Noctiluca" write the reason of above statement.

(b) Why diatoms are not destroyed as quickly as other algae

(d) Why diatoms soil used for insulation of boilers and vapour pipes?

(e) Why the good yield of rice is obtained without using nitrogenous fertilizer for many years?

4. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.

(a) Why the Pteridophytes are more adaptive terrestrial plant as compare to Bryophytes?

(b) What is the reason that Bryophytes, prefer to grow in moisture shady places.

(d) If the space between inner cell wall and cell membrane has been blocked in gram negative bacteria. What effect will be observed.

(e) Why the Linnaeus's classification system also known as sexual system.

5. Answer the following questions in one word.

(a) Write the name of that brown algae which is the source of iodine.

(b) Write the name of that portist which is known as the connecting link between animals and plants and having holophytic and saprophytic mode of nutrition.

(d) Write down the name of fungi, which is also known as weed of laboratory.

(e) Which fungi is responsible for "powdery mildew of pea"

(f) Write the name of that green algae which lives on tea plant as a parasite and produce "red rust" diseases on it.

(g) Write down the name of saprophytic moss plant.

(h) Write down the name of the smallest Pteridophyte plant.

(i) Write down the name of aquatic Pteridophyte plant in which secondary growth will be find in stem.

(j) Write down the name of Gymnosperm plant which is also known as "maiden hair tree"

6. Answer the following questions in one word.

(a) Which type of life cycle is found in Bryophytes?

(b) Those scientific name in which generic name and scientific name both are similar; known as?

(d) "All the members that can interbreed among themselves and can produce fertile off spring are the member of same species." The given definition is according to which scientist.

(e) Write down the name of the scientist who classify the plants, on the basis of vascular tissue in non-vascular and vascular group.

(f) A group of genus which shows the general structural similarities in floral organs from one another in known as?

(g) A person who studied about the origin, evolution, variations and classification of plants, is known as?

(h) Write the name of that symbiotic relationship which is present between the roots of seed plants and fungi.

(i) In an aquatic environment microscopic animals and plants are col1ectively known as

(j) A motile, flagellate asexusl cell is known as

7. Match the column-I with Column-II,

Column I Column II

(A) Algae (i) Chlamydomonas

(B) Fungi (ii) Oediogonium

(D) Pteridophyte (iv) Adiantum

(E) Gymnosperm (v) Rhizopus

(vi) Gnetum

(vii) Cycas

(viii) Equisetum

(ix) Selaginella

(x) Solanum tuberosum

(xi) Myco plasma

(xii) Diplococcus pneumoni

8. Match the column-I with Column-II.

Column I Column II

(A) Gelidium (i) Peat moss

(B) Sphagnum (ii) Agar agar

(D) Mycoplasma (iv) Polymorphism

(E) Zamia (v) Red algae

(vi) Aquatic fern

(vii) Floridian starch

(viii) Aster yellow disease

(ix) Smallest gymnosperm plant.

(x) Prokaryote

(xi) Bacterio chlorophyll

(xii) Saxitoxin

9. Match the column-I with Column-II.

Column I Column II

(A) Pedology (i) Study of seasonal

variations in plant Communities

(B) Microbiology (ii) Study of trees and shrubs.

(D) Phenology (iv) Study of seeds.

(E) Dendrology (v) Study of abnormalities in embro

(F) Euphenics (vi) Study of viruses

(G) Teratology (vii) Study of structure and composition

of soil

(H) Actinobiology (viii) Study of forest cultivation.

(I) Siliculture (ix) Study of microbes

(J) Virology (x) Study of effects of radiations on

living being

10. Match the column-I with Column-II.

Column I Column II

(A) Theophrastus (i) New systematics

(B) J. Huxley (ii) Systematics

(D) Lamarck (iv) Systema naturae

(E) Charles Darwin (v) Father of Taxonomy.

(vi) Dynamic concept of species

(vii) Origin of species

(viii) Flora indica

(ix) Theory of natural selection

(x) Causes of plant

(xi) Three kingdom system.

(xii) Father of Bryology

11. Correct the mistakes in the given praragraphs

(a) The structure of blue-green algae is similar to Gram postive eubacteria. Its cell wall is also bilayered. Outer wall is made up of lipoic acid) and inner wall is made up of cellulose: The cell memebrane of BGA is made up to chitin. The cytoplasm of BGA is divided in to two parts. The peripheral cytoplasm is known as hyaloplasm and central cytoplams is own as centroplasm.

(b) Some blue green algae can perform nitrogen fixation. They convert atmospheric oxigen in a nitrogenous compounds like amino acid. A special type of cell is found for nitrogen fixation in the blue green algae which is known as cyst. This special type of cell contains ribozyme enzyme for nitrogen fixation. For the synthesis of this enzyme there is a special type of gene present in this special cell which is known as Huf gene. Blue green algae perform nitrogen fixation both saprophytically and asymbiotically.

12. Correct the mistakes in the given paragraph. Cell wall of prokaryotes Is made up to peptidoglycan. It's structure has two parts.

(i) lipids (ii) amino acids. But exceptionally cell wall of Acetobacter xylenum is made up of protein. Those prokaryotes which are inter-cellular lack cell wall. Cell membrane of prokaryotes is made up of lipoprotein. The space between cell wall and cell membrane known as periplastidial space. This space is analogus to golgibody because in this space digestion of simplex substance is done.

Prokaryotes also lack the true chromosome. Instead of it a false chromose is present, which is made up of as circular naked DNA, small amount of RNA and histone protein.

In prokaryotes cell wall invaginets which results in formation of kind of structure, called as microsome. It structurally similar to mitochondria.

13. Correct the mistakes in the given paragraph.

On the basis of vascular tissue Oswald Tippo classified the plant kingdom in two sub kingdom. Thallophyta and Embryophyta. Oswald Tippo classfied the sub kingdom Thallophyta in ten divisions Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Zoodiophyta, Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Shizomycophyta, Myxomycophyta and Rhizomycophyta. On the basis of embryo sub kingdom Embryophyta classified in two divisons Atracheata and Tracheophyta. Division Atracheata classified in three classes Hepaticopsida, Psilopsida and Bryopsida. Class Hepaticopsida include Hornworts and class bryopsida includes Liverworts. Division Tracheophyta classified in four classes Psilopsida, Anthoceropsida, Sphenopsida and Pteropsida. Class psilopsida Includes Ferns and Pteropsida includes Psilotum, Gymnosperm and Angiosperm.

14. In the following lines write the suitable word in place of underlined words.

(a) Members of some species inhabiting similar environment and having some genetic variations are known as Ecotype.

(b) Those species found in similar geographical regions are known as synchronic species.

(d) Typological concept of species was proposed by Aristotle and Robert.

(e) Those species which are found in different geographical regions and have geographical barrier between them are known as sympatric" species.

(f) Plants growing in a particular area known as fauna.

(g) If any scientist, write the flora of a particular area then he used Rational classification.

(h) The classification of any plants or animals in written in ascending order.

(i) All the humans in this world can inter breeding among themselves, so all the humans are the members of many biological species.

(j) Genus is smallest taxonomic category and basic unit of classification.

15. In the given: paragraph fill in the blanks

The cell wall of diatoms is made up of ………………

(1) ………….. in which silica particles are embedded in at many places. Due to which the cell wall appears to be made up of silica. This sillicated cell wall is called "shell' or "……………… (2) ……………… "

Their cell wall is made up of two halves, which are arranged like the lids of a soap box. These half parts are collectively known as ……………… (3) ………………

In this part which is present on theupper side acts as lid and, the known as ……………… (4) ……………… and the other basal part is known as ……………… (5) ………………

The place where there two parts over-laps each' other is called

……………… (6) ………………

In the cytoplasm of diatom ……………… present, in which a ……………… (8) ……………… nucleus is present.

Their cells have chloroplast, in which chlorophyll 'a' chlorophyll 'c' and ……………… (9) ……………… pigments are present. In this storage food is ……………… (10) ……………… and fats(oil).

16. In the given paragraph fill in the blanks –

The main plant in bryophyte is ……………… (1) ……………… sex organs are ……………… (2) ……………… and jacketed in bryophytes. Male sex organs are called as ............. (3) ……………… and female sex organs are called as ……………… (4) ……………… The male gametes of bryophytes are motile. These motile male gametes are called as ……………… (5) ………………

In bryophytes, fertilization is done by ……………… (6) ………………As a result of fertilization, a dipoid ……………… (7) ……………… is formed.

In bryophytes structure formed after the fertilization is developed by ……………… (8) ……………… divisions.

During development 1st & IInd division are ............. (9) ……………… But second division is right angle to the first divisions which results. In formation of a 4-celled embryo. Now the third division in 4-celled embryo is ……………… (10) ……………… which results in formation of 8-cellep embryo.

17. Fill in the blanks:

(Rhizoides, Key, Basidiocarp, Basidium, Taxon, Heirarchy, Allochronic species, synchronic species, Gymnosperm, Herbarium, museum, Azolla, chlorella, Sori, monocotyledonae, Dicotyledonae)

(a) The ……………… are root like structures which help in anchorage and absorptiop of water in the' bryophytes.

(b) The phanerogams are seed bearing plants and are divided into ………….. and angiosperm.

(d) The fruiting body containing basidium is a multicellular structure called …………..

(e) Descending arrangment of taxonomic categories is known as …………..

(f) Those species found in different time periods are known as …………..

(g) The collection or depository of dried plant specimen is known as …………..

(h) If ………….. is grown with rice, than the production increases up to 50%.

(i) The yellow or brown spots which have sporangia in fern are called …………..

(j) Trimerous condition of floral whorls is characteristic of …………..

18. Fill in the blanks:

(a) When the determination of species is based on interbreeding then it is called as ..................

(b) Similarities and dissimilarities in structures of protein help to know the ………….. of living being.

(d) Proteins present in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria are called …………..

(e) Cells, carrying 'col' factor secrete the ………….. which have an antibiotic effect on other microbes.

(f) Endospore is highly resistant structure due to presence of ………….. in its wall.

(g) The process of water conduction is bryophytes lake place with the help of …………..

(h) Blue green algae is surrounded by a mucilagenous sheath. This sheath is made up to …………..

(i) The cytoplasm of prokaryotes lacks membrane bound cell organelles but exceptionally in blue green algae two membrane bound structure are present.

(i) Gas vacuole (ii) …………..

(j) According to two kingdom system blue-green algae was included in Class ………….. of algae.

19. Read the given paragraph carefully and answer the following questions.

Do you believe in fairlies? whether do or not, you must believe in 'fairy rings' for they are being seen very often in meadows. There you would find a ring of grass much brighter and richer and after a wet day in summer you may see a ring of toadstools too. If you were to dig up a toadstool you would find a mass of fine white threads. The toadstool is a fungus and these threads constitute the chief part of the plant.

There is no green part, so the toadstools cannot make food as green plants do. It consists of a rounded cap, smooth and white above but bearing a large number of brown gills below. The spores grow like a fine powder on the sides of the gills.

(a) The mushroom is

(i) A plant consisting of fine green threads

(ii) An edible fungus.

(iii) A flowering plant

(iv) A bryophyte devoid of root; stem and leaf:

(b) Reproduction in fairy rings occurs by means of –

(i) Seeds

(ii) Spores

(iii) Flowers

(iv) All of these

(i) in the water logged soil

(ii) During winter season

(iii) In summer after rains

(iv) In autumn

(d) The brown gills of mushrooms

(i) Have no function to perform

(ii) Are meant for its respiration

(iii) Half the plants to float in water after heavy rains

(iv) Bear spores which help in reproduction

(e) Toadstools cannot manufacture their own food because

(i) They do not have roots

(ii) They do not have leaves

(iii) They do not have chlorophyll

(iv) They do not- need food for their growth

Directions for (Q.20-Q.27) : Each questions contain STATEMENT-I (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason). Each question has 4 choices (1), (2), (3) and (4) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

(1) Statement- 1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement -1

(2) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1

(3) Statement - 1 is True: Statement- 2 is False

(4) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is False

20. Statement 1: Only red algae are able to flourish at the great depth of sea.

Statement 2: Red algae has the pigments r-phycoerythrin and r-phycocyanin.

21. Statement 1: Spirogyra shows anisogamy.

Statement 2: Gametes are identified on the basis of their motility

22. Statement 1: Chlorella could be utilised to keep the air in space vehicles.

Statement 2: The space travellers feed on Chlorella soup.

23. Statement 1: Zygospore of Ulathrix forms meiozoospores and meioaplanospores

Statement 2: Both are motile.

24. Statement 1: Bryophytes possess archegonium as a female sex organ.

Statement 2: Algae also possess the archegonium.

25. Statement 1: Sporogonium of Riccia is totally dependent on the gametophyte.

Statement 2: Sporogonium of Marchllntia is partly dependent on the gametophyte.

26. Statement 1: Sporophytes of pteridophyta are dominant individual.

Statement 2: They do not show the formation of true root.

27. Statement 1: Gymnosperms seeds are naked.

Statement 2: They lack ovary wall.

Answer Key

Question	Solutions	Questions	Solutions
1	1	19	2
2	3	20	4
3	4	21	1
4	2	22	4
5	4	23	2
6	1	24	2
7	3	25	2
8	3	26	3
9	3	27	4
10	1	28	2
11	1	29	3
12	1	30	4
13	2	31	1
14	3	32	4
15	3	33	4
16	4	34	1
17	2	35	2
18	2	36	1
37	2	57	4
38	3	58	2
39	3	59	2
40	2	60	1
41	3	61	3
42	2	62	1
43	3	63	2
44	1	64	1
45	1	65	3
46	2	66	4
47	2	67	2
48	2	68	1
49	4	69	1
50	2	70	4
51	1	71	3
52	2	72	2
53	2	73	2
54	2	74	4
55	3	75	2
56	4	76	4
77	3	97	4
78	4	98	4
79	2	99	2
80	2	100	2
81	2	101	2
82	2	102	3
83	3	103	3
84	2	104	2
85	4	105	2
86	1	106	3
87	4	107	1
88	3	108	4
89	1	109	2
90	2	110	3
91	1	111	1
92	4	112	1
93	3	113	4
94	1	114	3
95	2	115	4
96	4	116	1
117	3	122	2
118	2	123	1
119	4	124	3
120	1	125	2
121	3