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conducter have charges only on surfaces.why?
Dear Pavan
A conductor has free electrons, and they experience a force only when the electric field is not zero. In a static situation, the free electrons gets itself distributed in such a way that, the electric field everywhere inside the conductor is zero
In a static situation, when a conductor is charged, the excess charges reside only on the surface. If we consider any arbitrary volume inside a conductor, the electrostatic field on closed surface bounding the arbitrary volume is zero. Thus, the flux through the surface is zero. By Gauss's theorem, there is no net charge enclosed by closed surface. If the surface and volume is made very small, it shows that there is no net charge inside and no excess charge can reside on the surface
2nd Reason
we know very well that any particle or body always tries to acquire minimum potential energy. the charges will acquire min. P.E only when they are on the surface
All the best.
AKASH GOYAL
AskiitiansExpert-IITD
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