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States of matter is of prime importance to physicists. Everyday elements and compounds form three physical states of matter, however there are many other states, less common but equally important. The liquid-crystal state of certain compounds has the properties of solids as well as liquids, and is the basis of electronic displays. More states are obtained when the particles are lighter. The electrons in metals and ceramics undergo a change due to which electricity is conducted without dissipation.
Thus matter is classified mainly into three categories depending upon its physical state namely solid, liquid and gaseous states.
Solids have a definite volume and shape: Definite shape and volume of the solids is result of strong forces of attraction between its constituent particles which keep them together in a fixed position and arrangement.
Liquids also have a definite volume but no definite volume: They take shape of the container in which they are placed. This is due to relatively weaker force of attraction among the particles of liquid.
Gases have neither a definite volume nor a definite shape: They fill the container completely in which they are placed. This is due to the fact that the force of attraction among the particles of liquids is almost zero and they are free to move independently to each other.
We will discuss the gaseous and liquid states of matter in detail under following sub-topics
Van der Waals Forces
Properties of Gases and Gas Laws
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Ideal Gas Law & Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
Graham’s Law of Diffusion & Gas Eudiometry
Deviation From Ideal Gas Behaviour and Van der Waal’s Equation
Liquid State
Solved Examples
S.No
Property
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
2
Volume
Definite Volume
Indefinite Volume
3
Inter particular Forces
Strong Inter particular Forces
Comparatively weaker Inter particular Forces
Inte rparticular forces are negligible
4
Inter particular Space
Negligible inter particular space
Comparatively large inter particular space
Very large Inter particular space
5
Particular Motion
Particle motion is restricted to vibratory motion.
Particle motion is very slow
Particle motion is very rapid and also random.
6
Packing of Particles
Particles are very Closely packed
Particles are loosely packed
Particles are very loosely packed
7
Compressibility
Incompressible
Compressible
Highly Compressible
8
Density
Very High Density
Low Density
Very low density
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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Table of Content...
Properties of Gases and Gas Laws Table of Content...
Solved Problems Question 1: A gas occupies one...
Deviation From Ideal Gas Behavior Table of Content...
Van der Waals Forces Table of Content...
Liquid State Table of Content Guldberg’s...
Ideal Gas Law & Dalton’s Law of Partial...
Graham’s Law of Diffusion & Gas...