how will you convert ethylbromide to ethane

1. ethylbromide to n- butane
2. ethane to ethyl chloride

how will you prepare ethane from ethene to ethyne

1. methane and ethane from sodium salt of fatty acid

To convert ethyl bromide to ethane, n-butane, and other compounds, we can utilize various organic reactions. Each transformation involves specific reagents and conditions. Let’s break down these conversions step by step.

Conversion of Ethyl Bromide to Ethane

Ethyl bromide (C₂H₅Br) can be converted to ethane (C₂H₆) through a reduction reaction. One common method is to use zinc (Zn) in the presence of an acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl).

• **Reaction**: C₂H₅Br + Zn + HCl → C₂H₆ + ZnBrCl

This reaction replaces the bromine atom with hydrogen, yielding ethane.

Conversion of Ethyl Bromide to n-Butane

To convert ethyl bromide to n-butane (C₄H₁₀), we can use a coupling reaction. This involves the reaction of ethyl bromide with a suitable alkyl lithium reagent, such as butyllithium (BuLi).

• **Reaction**: 2 C₂H₅Br + BuLi → C₄H₁₀ + 2 LiBr

In this case, two ethyl groups couple to form n-butane.

Preparation of Ethyl Chloride from Ethane

To prepare ethyl chloride (C₂H₅Cl) from ethane, we can perform a halogenation reaction. This typically involves the use of chlorine gas (Cl₂) under UV light or heat.

• **Reaction**: C₂H₆ + Cl₂ → C₂H₅Cl + HCl

The chlorine replaces one hydrogen atom in ethane, resulting in ethyl chloride.

Conversion of Ethene to Ethane

Ethene (C₂H₄) can be converted to ethane through hydrogenation. This process involves adding hydrogen (H₂) in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt).

• **Reaction**: C₂H₄ + H₂ → C₂H₆

This reaction saturates the double bond in ethene, producing ethane.

Conversion of Ethyne to Ethane

To convert ethyne (C₂H₂) to ethane, we can also use hydrogenation. Similar to the previous reaction, we add hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

• **Reaction**: C₂H₂ + 2 H₂ → C₂H₆

This process adds hydrogen across the triple bond, resulting in ethane.

Formation of Methane and Ethane from Sodium Salt of Fatty Acid

The sodium salt of a fatty acid can be converted to methane (CH₄) and ethane through a process called decarboxylation. This typically involves heating the sodium salt with soda lime (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide).

• **Reaction**: RCOONa + NaOH (soda lime) → R-H + Na₂CO₃

In this reaction, the fatty acid salt loses a carbon dioxide molecule, yielding an alkane (methane or ethane, depending on the starting material).

Each of these reactions showcases the versatility of organic chemistry in transforming compounds through various mechanisms. Understanding these processes is crucial for synthesizing desired organic molecules in the lab.