Grade 12th passPhysical Chemistry
how to know what kind of bond or intermolecular forces d?oes a molecule possess
how to know what kind of bond or intermolecular forces d?oes a molecule possess
1 Answer
Arun
OK, let's review the kinds of intermolecular forces you can have:
1. dipole-dipole - this when different atoms in the same compound have electronegativities that are pretty different, causing a permanent shift in how the electrons are distributed (i.e. they will surround the more electronegative atom in the bond). For instance, the C-H bond is pretty much nonpolar because both C and H have about equal electronegativites. However, the C-O bond is polar, and any molecule containing a C-O bond will have a dipole between those two atoms.
2. London/dispersion/van der Waals forces - these are weak interactions that occur in a matter of nanoseconds when one atom in a bond temporarily takes more of the electron density than the other one, causing a temporary dipole - i.e. this can happen even when you have a C-H bond that is normally nonpolar.
3. hydrogen bonding - these are interactions between hydrogen of one molecule and O, F, or N with a lone pair on a second molecule (or two atoms on a large molecule...). This is what holds DNA strands and helices together!
1. dipole-dipole - this when different atoms in the same compound have electronegativities that are pretty different, causing a permanent shift in how the electrons are distributed (i.e. they will surround the more electronegative atom in the bond). For instance, the C-H bond is pretty much nonpolar because both C and H have about equal electronegativites. However, the C-O bond is polar, and any molecule containing a C-O bond will have a dipole between those two atoms.
2. London/dispersion/van der Waals forces - these are weak interactions that occur in a matter of nanoseconds when one atom in a bond temporarily takes more of the electron density than the other one, causing a temporary dipole - i.e. this can happen even when you have a C-H bond that is normally nonpolar.
3. hydrogen bonding - these are interactions between hydrogen of one molecule and O, F, or N with a lone pair on a second molecule (or two atoms on a large molecule...). This is what holds DNA strands and helices together!
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