According to Raoult’s law, what is meant by positive and negative deviaitions and how is the sign of ∆solH related to positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law?

Answer ::

Solutions having vapour pressures more than that expected from Raoult’s law are said to exhibit positive deviation. In these solutions solvent – solute interactions are weaker and ∆solH is positive because stronger A – A or B – B interactions are replaced by weaker A – B interactions. Breaking of the stronger interactions requires more energy & less energy is released on formation of weaker interactions. So overall ∆sol H is positive. Similarly ∆solV is positive i.e. the volume of solution is some what more than sum of volumes of solvent and solute.