what is variable oxidation state

Dear student,

VARIABLE OXIDATION STATES
Transition elements usually exist in several different oxidation states and the oxidation states changes in units of one, e.g. Fe²⁺ and Fe⁺³, Cu⁺¹ and Cu⁺².

Scandium can have an oxidation number of (+II) if both s electrons are used for bonding and (+III) when two s and one d electrons are involved. Similarly all the elements show variable oxidation states depending upon the number of electrons available for bonding in their s and d sub-shells.

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