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Arhenius concept specifies that a substance should be dissolved in water, but why then CO2.SO2,NO2, etc are said to be not explained by arhenius concept when we know that these substances on dissolving in water liberate H+ ions.

Same for basic oxides as CaO.

deeksha sharma , 15 Years ago
Grade 11
anser 1 Answers
SAGAR SINGH - IIT DELHI

Dear student,

Please try to understand these facts about Arrhenius theory:

The substance called electrolytes are believed to contain electrically charged particles called ions.    These charges are positive for H+ ion or ions derived from metals and negative for the ions derived    from non-metals. Number of electrical charges carried by an ion is equal to the valency of    corresponding atom.
  Molecules of electrolytes (acids, bases and salts) dissociate into oppositely charged ions on    dissolution in water, e.g.
NaClNa+ +Cl-
HCl H+ +Cl-
NaOH Na+ + OH-
 The number of positive and negative charges on the ions must be equal so that the solution as a    whole remains neutral.
 In solution, the ions are in a state of disorderly or random motion. Upon colliding they may combine to    give unionized molecules. Thus ionization is a reversible process in which the solution contains ions of    electrolyte together with unionized molecules.
H2SO4(aq) 2H+(aq) + SO4-2(aq)
The extent of ionization or the degree of ionization depends upon the nature of electrolyte.Strong    electrolytes such as HCl etc. ionize completely in water. Weak electrolytes such as acetic acid    (CH3COOH) ionize only slightly
 Ionization is not affected by electric current.

 When electric current is passed through an electrolytic solution, charges move towards their    respective electrodes, i.e. cations towards anode and anions towards cathode.When these ions    reached their respective electrodes, they change into neutral species by the gain or loss of electron.

 

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