how to find hybridisation?i want shortcut or any trick

Dear Pradeep

Following is the way to find hybridisation

1st step    :  count the no. of valence electrons[ V ]
2nd step   :   now divide V by 8 ,if V >8
                    or
                    divide V by 2 ,if  V <=8                                   -[1]
                    if the remainder is still  not zero then
                   again divide it by 2,                                         - [2]
                   therefore the final value = quotient in 1+ quotient in 2
                  as    shown in the example
3rd step    :  compare the above obtained value with the table given below :-
                   sp          -   2
                   sp2        -   3
                   sp3        -   4
                   sp3d      -   5
                   sp3d2    -   6
                   sp3d3    -   7
ex:- for  c2h6
step  1   -   2[4 ] + 6[1] = 4+6=10
step  2    -   as 14>8 
                   14/8, quotient=1  as remainder  = 6 which is not equal to zero
                    therefore 6 / 2   quotient=3
                  therefore final value=1+3=4
                   comparing with the table given above
                   the hybridisation is sp3.
note -  this is not applicable  to all compounds

All the best

AKASH GOYAL
AskiitiansExpert-IITD

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you can use HON rule

 according to this 2X=number of electrons in valence shell-charge+number of monovalent atoms attached(Cl,H etc)

  if x comes 2 then hybridisation is sp

  if 3 then sp2 ,if 4 then sp3 and so on

 example ..hybridisation of NH4+

          2x=5+4-1

            x=4 so hybridisation is sp3

 approve my ans if u like

to find the hybridisation of an element in a given compound  first count the number of σ bonds and the no. of lone pairs present then it becomes the steric no of the element then just get the hybridisation. hybridisation forsteric no.

2--sp

3--sp₂

4--sp3

5--sp3d

6--sp3d2

7--sp3d3

thats it the short cut count the no of σ bonds  and ya got the hybridisation

note:- its applicable to all compounds provided ya know the structure or no of atoms connected to the given atom whose hybridisation is to be found hers an example check out

here no of σ bettween Cr and O are 5 there fore the hybridisation is sp3d

note sigma bond are the primary bonds so whereever you see double bond then there are one sigma and one pi bonds

for lone pair take NH3 nitrogen has 1 lone pair and 3 σ bonds thus the hybridisation is sp3

can u please tell me how to find out the hybridisation for ph3 please and aso give me the explanation thank you

Just count the no.of sigma bonds and lone pairs (if any) Thats all!

What is the hybridization of I 3 minus?

for any compound identify the central atom then count the no. of sigma bonds and no. of lone pairs on it and then add them. eg: in a CO2 molecule carbon is the central atom, no. of sigma bonds are 2 and no. of lone pairs are 0 then sum is 2 which means sp hybridization is there.

for a shortcut. find the no of atoms attached to it. then write its corresponding hybridisation. if central atom is attached to 2.. sp.. 3..sp2.. so on

Countcount the no. Of sigma bond and no of lone of atom whose hybridisation is to be predicted . All single bonds ate sigma , in amultiple bond one will sigma others be pie

Accr to VSEPR theory H={V+M-C+A} the simplest method V = valence electrons in central atom M=number of univalent atom attached to central atom C=charge on cation A=charge on anion

I hav a formula for finding hybridisationI call it "Magic Number"So......Magic Number = Number of connections +1/2 ( Group no. of central atom - Valency of central atom ± Charge on molecule)**# Note that -ve charge is added and +ve charge is subtractedAlso that this doesn`t apply for complexesSo group 13 group 4Now compare the magic no. with2--sp3--sp24--sp35--sp3d6--sp3d27--sp3d3 Eg.) For H3O+Magic Number = 3 + 1/2( 6 - 3 - 1 ) = 3 + 1/2( 2 ) = 3 + 1 = 4Now 4 corresponds to sp3 hybridHence H3O+ is sp3 hybridised group 3 group 14