Dear Anushka
cos 18° = 4 sin 18° cos 18° (1 - 2sin2 18°) by the cofunction properties: sin 72° = cos 18°.
1 = 4 sin 18° (1 - 2sin2 18°) Let x = sin 18°, this is known as
1 = 4x(1-2x2) substitution, a useful technique in calculus.
8x3-4x+1 = 0 A product is zero only when one of its factors is zero.
8x3-4x+1 = (2x-1)(4x2+2x-1)=0 (2x-1)=0 implies x= ½=sin 30° > sin 18° ;
Since we know sin is increasing on [0°,90°].
x = (-2 ±
(4 + 4•4•1))/8 So we must solve the other factor,
= (-2 ±
20)/8 using the quadratic formula.
= (-2 ±
4
5)/8
= (-1 ±
5)/4 But the sin 18° > 0, so it cannot be negative.
sin 18° = (
(5)-1)/4 Hence the middle root is the one we want.
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