To analyze the function \( f(x) \) defined piecewise, we need to break it down into its components and examine its behavior at the point of interest, which is \( x = 2 \). The function is defined as follows:
- For \( x \leq 2 \): \( f(x) = \int_0^x (5 + |1 - t|) \, dt \)
- For \( x > 2 \): \( f(x) = 5x + 1 \)
Step 1: Evaluating Continuity at \( x = 2 \)
To determine if \( f(x) \) is continuous at \( x = 2 \), we need to check the following:
- The limit of \( f(x) \) as \( x \) approaches 2 from the left, \( f(2^-) \).
- The limit of \( f(x) \) as \( x \) approaches 2 from the right, \( f(2^+) \).
- The value of \( f(2) \).
Calculating \( f(2) \)
First, we find \( f(2) \) using the integral definition:
\( f(2) = \int_0^2 (5 + |1 - t|) \, dt \)
To evaluate this integral, we need to consider the expression \( |1 - t| \). For \( t \) in the interval [0, 2], we have:
- For \( t < 1 \), \( |1 - t| = 1 - t \)
- For \( t \geq 1 \), \( |1 - t| = t - 1 \)
Thus, we can split the integral:
\( f(2) = \int_0^1 (5 + (1 - t)) \, dt + \int_1^2 (5 + (t - 1)) \, dt \)
Calculating each part:
\( \int_0^1 (6 - t) \, dt = \left[ 6t - \frac{t^2}{2} \right]_0^1 = 6 - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{11}{2} \)
\( \int_1^2 (4 + t) \, dt = \left[ 4t + \frac{t^2}{2} \right]_1^2 = (8 + 2) - (4 + 0.5) = 10 - 4.5 = 5.5 \)
Combining these results gives:
\( f(2) = \frac{11}{2} + 5.5 = \frac{11}{2} + \frac{11}{2} = 11 \)
Finding \( f(2^-) \) and \( f(2^+) \)
Next, we calculate the left-hand limit:
\( f(2^-) = f(2) = 11 \)
Now, for the right-hand limit:
\( f(2^+) = 5(2) + 1 = 10 + 1 = 11 \)
Step 2: Conclusion on Continuity
Since \( f(2^-) = f(2) = f(2^+) = 11 \), we conclude that \( f(x) \) is continuous at \( x = 2 \).
Step 3: Checking Differentiability at \( x = 2 \)
To determine if \( f(x) \) is differentiable at \( x = 2 \), we need to check the derivatives from both sides:
Finding \( f'(2^-) \)
Using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we differentiate the integral for \( x < 2 \):
\( f'(x) = 5 + |1 - x| \)
At \( x = 2 \), we have:
\( f'(2^-) = 5 + |1 - 2| = 5 + 1 = 6 \)
Finding \( f'(2^+) \)
For \( x > 2 \), the derivative is simply:
\( f'(x) = 5 \)
At \( x = 2 \), we have:
\( f'(2^+) = 5 \)
Final Thoughts on Differentiability
Since \( f'(2^-) = 6 \) and \( f'(2^+) = 5 \), the left-hand and right-hand derivatives are not equal. Therefore, \( f(x) \) is not differentiable at \( x = 2 \).
In summary, the function \( f(x) \) is continuous at \( x = 2 \) but not differentiable at that point. This analysis highlights the importance of checking both continuity and differentiability separately, especially at points where the definition of the function changes.