To find the general solution for the differential equation \((D^2 - 2D + 1)y = 2x + 2\), we need to break it down into two parts: the homogeneous solution and the particular solution. Let’s tackle this step by step.
Step 1: Homogeneous Solution
The first step is to solve the associated homogeneous equation, which is given by:
(D² - 2D + 1)y = 0
This can be factored as:
(D - 1)²y = 0
To find the characteristic equation, we set:
r² - 2r + 1 = 0
This simplifies to:
(r - 1)² = 0
Thus, we have a repeated root at \(r = 1\). The general solution for the homogeneous part is given by:
y_h = C₁e^x + C₂xe^x
where \(C₁\) and \(C₂\) are constants determined by initial conditions.
Step 2: Particular Solution
Next, we need to find a particular solution \(y_p\) for the non-homogeneous equation:
(D² - 2D + 1)y = 2x + 2
Since the right-hand side is a polynomial of degree 1, we can assume a particular solution of the form:
y_p = Ax + B
where \(A\) and \(B\) are constants to be determined. Now, we need to compute the derivatives:
Substituting these into the left-hand side of the differential equation gives:
(0 - 2A + 1(Ax + B)) = 2x + 2
This simplifies to:
(A - 2A + B) = 2x + 2
or:
-A + B = 2
Now, we can equate coefficients. For the \(x\) terms, we have:
-A = 2, which gives A = -2.
For the constant terms, we have:
B - 2 = 2, which gives B = 4.
Thus, the particular solution is:
y_p = -2x + 4.
Step 3: General Solution
Now that we have both the homogeneous and particular solutions, we can combine them to form the general solution:
y = y_h + y_p
Substituting in our solutions, we get:
y = C₁e^x + C₂xe^x - 2x + 4.
Final Result
In conclusion, the general solution to the differential equation \((D^2 - 2D + 1)y = 2x + 2\) is:
y = C₁e^x + C₂xe^x - 2x + 4.
This solution encompasses both the behavior dictated by the homogeneous part and the specific response to the non-homogeneous input. If you have any further questions or need clarification on any part of the process, feel free to ask!