What is the difference between vIon vs radical vs valency

Difference between ions, radicals and valency ? And naming method of variable vapency

I want  complete notes on the chapter friction 

In my book subtopics are:

Friction 

Types of friction 

Factors affecting friction 

Methods of reducing friction 

Methods of increasing friction 

Advantages and disadvantages of friction 

Some real life based situation where friction is applied.

How to make a monomer into polymer if it is an addition polymer example

This planet, _______ is yellowish in colour and has many rings and satellites.

A. Uranus

B. Jupiter

C. Neptune

D. Saturn