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Ideal solutions :  

An ideal solution one in which the molecules attract one another with equal force irrespective of their nature. Thus, a solution composed of two components A and B will be an ideal one if the forces between A and A, B and B should be the same. An ideal solution possesses the following characteristics:

(i) Volume change of mixing should be zero.  

        ?Vmix = 0; Vsolvent + Vsolute = Vsolution  

(ii)Heat change on mixing should be zero.  

        ?Hmix = 0 (Heat is neither absorbed nor evolved).  

(iii)There should be no chemical reaction between solvent and solute.  

                solvent + solute → solution  

                     H2O +  NH3    →   NH4OH                                                                

                     H2O  +  CO2  →   H2CO3          Non-ideal  

                     H2O + CaO    → Ca(OH)2  

(iv)Solute molecules should be not dissociate in the ideal solution.  

                        Aqueous medium

                NaCl —————————→ Na+ + Cl

                                                                               Non-ideal

                           Aqueous medium

                H2SO4 —————————→ 2H++ SO42–  

(v)Solute molecules should not associate in ideal solution.  

               2115_Ideal solutions.JPG  

(vi)Ideal solutions must obey Raoult’s law at all concentrations.  

The following are some of the binary mixtures which show the properties of ideal solutions.  

(a) Benzene and toluene.  

(b) Carbon tetrachloride, and silicon tetrachloride,  

(c) N-Hexane and n-heptane,    

Ethylene dibromide and tethylene dichloride.

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