Ideal solutions :  

An ideal solution one in which the molecules attract one another with equal force irrespective of their nature. Thus, a solution composed of two components A and B will be an ideal one if the forces between A and A, B and B should be the same. An ideal solution possesses the following characteristics:

(i) Volume change of mixing should be zero.  

        ?V_mix = 0; V_solvent + V_solute = V_solution  

(ii)Heat change on mixing should be zero.  

        ?H_mix = 0 (Heat is neither absorbed nor evolved).  

(iii)There should be no chemical reaction between solvent and solute.  

                solvent + solute → solution  

                     H₂O +  NH₃    →   NH₄OH                                                                

                     H₂O  +  CO₂  →   H₂CO₃          Non-ideal  

                     H₂O + CaO    → Ca(OH)₂  

(iv)Solute molecules should be not dissociate in the ideal solution.  

                        Aqueous medium

                NaCl —————————→ Na⁺ + Cl⁻

                                                                               Non-ideal

                           Aqueous medium

                H₂SO₄ —————————→ 2H⁺+ SO₄^2–  

(v)Solute molecules should not associate in ideal solution.  

                 

(vi)Ideal solutions must obey Raoult’s law at all concentrations.  

The following are some of the binary mixtures which show the properties of ideal solutions.  

(a) Benzene and toluene.  

(b) Carbon tetrachloride, and silicon tetrachloride,  

(c) N-Hexane and n-heptane,    

Ethylene dibromide and tethylene dichloride.

To read more, Buy study materials of Solutions comprising study notes, revision notes, video lectures, previous year solved questions etc. Also browse for more study materials on Chemistry here.