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Indirect Substitution



If the integrand is of the form f(x)g(x), where g(x) is a function of the integral of f(x), then put integral of f(x) = t.

 

Example -8: Evaluate 

Solution:       Integral of the numerator = x3/2 / 3/2

Put x3/2 = t.

We get I = 2/3 ∫dt/√t2 + a3

= 2/3 In |x3/2 + √x3 + a3| + c.



Derived Substitution

Some time it is useful to write the integral as a sum of two related integrals which can be evaluated by making suitable substitutions.

Examples of such integrals are: 

A. Algebraic Twins 



B. Trigonometric twins



Method of evaluating these integral are illustrated by mean of the following examples:

Example -9: Evaluate ∫ 5/ 1+ x4 dx.



For I2 , we write x + 1/x t = => (1 – 1/x2 )dx = dt

                       

Combining the two integrals, we get

                        

Example -10: Evaluate ∫√tanx dx.

Solution:       Put tanx = t2 => sec2x dx = 2t dt

                        => dx = 2tdt / 1 + t4



This can be solved by the method used in example (9).

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