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Examples on Propositions of Hyperbola

 

Illustration:

Find the hyperbola whose asymptotes are 2x – y = 3 and 3x + y – 7 = 0 and which passes through the point (1, 1).

 

Solution:

  The equation of the hyperbola differs from the equation of the asymptotes by a constant.

 

⇒ The equation of the hyperbola with asymptotes 3x + y – 7 = 0 and 2x – y = 3 is (3x + y – 7) (2x – y – 3) + k = 0. It passes through 

(1, 1) ⇒ k = –6.

 

Hence the equation of the hyperbola is (2x – y – 3)(3x + y – 7) = 6.

 

Illustration:

 

Find the angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola x2/a2–y2/b2 = 1, then length of whose latus rectum is 4/3 and which passes through the point (4, 2).

 

Solution:

 

We have 2b2/a = length of the latus rectum = 4/3 ⇒ 3b2 = 2a

 

Also, the hyperbola passes through the point (4, 2).

 

Hence 16/a2 – 4/b2 = 1 ⇒ 16/a2 – 6/a = 1

 

Or a2 + 6a – 16 = 0 ⇒ (a – 2)(a + 8) = 0 ⇒ a = 2 ⇒ b2 = 4/3.

 

The asymptotes of the given hyperbola are y = + b/a x or y + 1/√3 x.

 

If θ1 and θ2 are the angles which the asymptotes make with the positive x-axis, then

 

        tan θ1 =  ⇒ θ1 = π/6 and tan θ2 = –1/√3 ⇒ θ2 = –π/6.

 

Hence the angle between the asymptotes = π/3.

 

Illustration:

 

Prove that the chords of the hyperbola x2/a2–y2/b2 = 1, which touch its conjugate hyperbola are bisected at the point of contact.

 

Solution:

 

Let P(x1, y1) be the mid-point of the chord of the given hyperbola, so that the equation of the chords is xx1/a2–yy1/b2 = x12/a2–y12/b2.                …… (1)

 

If touches the conjugate hyperbola x2/a2–y2/b2 = 1, then

 

x2/a2–1/b2 [xx1/a2–x12/a2+y12/b2]2.b4/y12 + 1 = 0 will have equal roots. Simplifying, we find that

 

x2/a2 [y12/b2–x12/a2]+2xx1/a2[x12/a2–y12/b2]–[y12/b2–x12/a2]2+y12/b2 = 0 has equal roots so that

 

4x12/a2 [x12/b2–y12/a2]+4[y12/b2–x12/a2][[y12/b2–x12/a2]2–y12/b2]= 0

 

or, x12/a2 [x12/a2–y12/b2]–[x12/a2–y12/b2]2 + y12/b2 = 0 or (x12/a2–y12/b2)(x12/a2–x12/a2+y12/b2)+y12/b2= 0

 

or x12/a2 – y12/b2 + 1= 0 ⇒ (x1, y1) lies on the conjugate hyperbola.

 

Hence the chord (1) touches the conjugate hyperbola at its midpoint (x1, y1 ). 

 

Alternative Solution

 Any tangent to the conjugate hyperbola x2/a2–y2/b2 = –1 is 

x = my + √b2m2–a2.                                           …… (2)

If this is same as the chord (1), then m = a2y1/b2x1 and hence

a4/x12 [x12/a2 – y12/b2]2 = b2m2 – a2 = b2a4y12/b4x12 – a2

Or [x12/a2 – y12/b2]2 = y12/b2 – x12/a2 or x12/a2 – y12/b2 = –1

⇒ (x1, y1) lies on the conjugate hyperbola.

⇒ the chord (1) touches conjugate hyperbola and is bisected at the point of contact.

 

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