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Mycoplasma are also known as mollicutes. They are the simplest and the smallest free living prokaryotes.
Some of the important characteristics of mycoplasma are −
Cell wall is absent and plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of the cell. Due to the absence of cell wall these organisms can change their shape and are pleomorphic. They lack nucleus, and other membrane bound organelles. Genetic material is a single DNA duplex and is naked. Ribosomes are 70S type. Possess a replicating disc at one end which assist replication process and also the separation of the genetic materials. They are heterotrophic in nutrition. Some live as saprophytes but majority are parasites of plants and animals. The parasitic nature is due to the inability of mycoplasma to synthesise the required growth factor.The Kingdom Monera includes organisms that are single-celled known as bacteria. The microorganisms in Kingdom Monera are considered as the most ancient living forms on earth. The kingdom is divided into two groups Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. All the organisms of this kingdom are prokaryotes. These cells do not have nuclear membrane, the chromosome is a single and circular, they also lack membrane bound cellular organelles. This kingdom includes bacteria, cyanobacteria, mycoplasma etc. They are unicellular organisms and do not have specific mode of nutrition. They can be either aerobic or anaerobic.These organisms have cell wall which is made up of peptidoglycans. The cell organelles are not membrane bound. Cell organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria are absent. Reproduction is by spore formation and binary fission. Mycoplasma are the known to be the smallest living cells. They completely lack cell wall and can survive without oxygen. Most of the mycoplasma are pathogenic in nature in animals and plants.
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