10 specimens of sponge calcarea with pictures of each specimen

When discussing specimens of sponge Calcarea, it's important to understand their classification and distinctive features. Calcarea, or calcareous sponges, belong to the phylum Porifera and are primarily characterized by their calcium carbonate spicules. These spicules give them a rigid structure and contribute to their unique appearance. Below, I’ll provide an overview of ten representative specimens of Calcarea, highlighting their distinguishing characteristics and providing a brief description of each, although I can't display pictures directly here.

1. Leucosolenia botryoides

This species is known for its branched, tree-like structure. Its spicules are simple and needle-like, arranged in a way that provides a sturdy framework. Leucosolenia botryoides often forms encrusting colonies on hard substrates.

2. Grantia compressa

Grantia compressa is commonly found in shallow marine environments. It has a tubular shape and a distinctive osculum at the top. The spicules are arranged in a manner that allows for efficient water flow through its body, promoting effective feeding and respiration.

3. Clathrina clathrus

This sponge is notable for its lattice-like structure, which resembles a network of interconnected tubes. Clathrina clathrus typically has a yellowish color and can be found in rocky coastal areas. Its spicules are arranged in a way that enhances its structural integrity.

4. Sycon ciliatum

Sycon ciliatum features a more cylindrical shape and is often found in shallow waters. Its body is covered with tiny, hair-like structures called cilia that aid in the movement of water. The spicules are more complex in structure, contributing to its unique appearance.

5. Scypha ciliata

Formerly known as Sycon, Scypha ciliata has a similar cylindrical shape but is distinguished by its larger size and more prominent oscula. This sponge thrives in nutrient-rich waters, where its filtration capabilities are maximized.

6. Leucosolenia sp.

Various species within the Leucosolenia genus exhibit a range of forms, from simple tubes to more complex branching structures. They are typically found in shallow waters and can be easily recognized by their white or pale coloration due to the calcium carbonate spicules.

7. Clathrina sp.

Similar to Clathrina clathrus, other species within this genus also exhibit a lattice structure but vary in size and color. Clathrina sp. are generally small and can often be found attached to rocky substrates in marine environments.

8. Oscarella lobularis

This sponge has a unique lobed appearance and is often found in deeper waters. Oscarella lobularis lacks a rigid skeleton, making it more flexible than other calcareous sponges. Its spicules are less abundant and contribute to its soft texture.

9. Pseudoceratina sp.

Pseudoceratina species are characterized by their irregular forms and can be found in a variety of marine habitats. The spicules in these sponges are often more complex, contributing to their unique shapes and resilience.

10. Dendrilla membranacea

This sponge is recognized for its branching, tree-like structure and is often found in deeper marine environments. Dendrilla membranacea has a distinctive color pattern and is known for its ability to filter large volumes of water, making it a vital organism in its ecosystem.

Each of these specimens showcases the diversity and adaptability of calcareous sponges. They play crucial roles in their ecosystems by filtering water, providing habitat for other marine organisms, and contributing to the calcium carbonate cycle in marine environments. If you're interested in observing these specimens up close, many marine biology textbooks and online resources provide images and additional details that can enhance your understanding of their unique characteristics.