To solve this problem, we need to visualize the positions of the fish, the mirror, and the bird in relation to each other. Let's break it down step by step.

Understanding the Positions

We have the following key points:

• The fish is located 20 cm below the surface of the water.
• The mirror is placed at the water's surface, which is 20 cm above the fish.
• The bird is positioned 60 cm above the water's surface.

Calculating the Height of the Bird Above the Fish

Since the water surface is 20 cm above the fish, we can determine the total height of the bird above the fish:

• The bird is 60 cm above the water.
• The water is 20 cm above the fish.

Thus, the total height of the bird above the fish is:

Height of the bird above the fish = Height of the bird above water + Height of water above fish

Height of the bird above the fish = 60 cm + 20 cm = 80 cm

Finding the Image of the Bird as Seen by the Fish

When the fish looks into the mirror at the water's surface, it sees the reflection of the bird. The image of the bird in the mirror will appear to be the same distance below the water's surface as the bird is above it.

Since the bird is 60 cm above the water, its image will be 60 cm below the water's surface:

Image of the bird below the water = 60 cm

Now, since the water surface is 20 cm above the fish, we can find the position of the bird's image relative to the fish:

Position of the bird's image relative to the fish = Height of the water above fish - Height of the image below water

Position of the bird's image relative to the fish = 20 cm - 60 cm = -40 cm

This means the image of the bird is 40 cm below the fish.

Finding the Image of the Fish as Seen by the Bird

Now, let's consider what the bird sees when it looks down at the fish. The fish is 20 cm below the water surface, so the bird will see the fish at that depth:

Image of the fish as seen by the bird = Depth of the fish below water = 20 cm

Summary of Findings

To summarize:

• The image of the bird as seen by the fish is located 40 cm below the fish.
• The image of the fish as seen by the bird is located 20 cm below the water's surface.

This exercise illustrates the principles of reflection and how the positions of objects can be understood in relation to each other in a fluid medium. If you have any further questions or need clarification on any part of this explanation, feel free to ask!