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Electro refining of Copper• Electrolyte - Aqueous copper sulphate solution (acidified)• Cathode - Pure copper metal (thin rod)• Anode - Impure copper metal (thick block)• Dissociation of copper sulphate -
Cathode pure thin sheet of copper lined with graphite so that the deposited copper can beremoved easily.Anode blister copper (got above)
Electrode reactionCopper sulphate dissociatesCuSO4 ------------Cu2+ + SO42-
H2O -------- H+ +OH
At the cathode the copper ion changes to copper atom by gaining two electrons whichget deposited in the pure copper rod.Cu2+ +2e- ------- CuThe sulphate ion and hydroxide ion move towards anode but none of them is discharged.The copper anode itself loses electrons and gives copper ion in the solution.
At the anode Cu - 2e------- Cu2+The impure block of copper thus will be used The impurities settles at the bottom of theelectrolytic cell. This is known as anode mud or slime.The impurities iron, zinc etc ionize and dissolves in the copper sulphate solution. Theyare above copper in the activity series. So they can displace copper from copper sulphatesolution.The weight of cathode will increase. The copper obtained is 100%pure.e
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