please generalise basic concepts relatedto atomic structureplease explain

Atoms are made of small particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each of these particles is described in terms of measurable properties, including mass and charge. Mass is the amount of matter that an object contains. The proton and neutron have roughly the same mass and have approximately one thousand times the mass of the electron. The proton and electron have equal, but opposite, electrical charges. A neutron does not have an electrical charge.

 

In an atom, the protons and neutrons clump together in the center and are called the nucleus. Because the protons are positively charged, the nucleus has a positive electric charge. The electrons of the atom move rapidly around the nucleus. If we attempt to detect an electron in an atom, we might find evidence of it located almost anywhere around the nucleus. However, if we repeat this experiment many times, it will be found that the electron is much more likely to be located in certain regions of space surrounding the nucleus than in other regions of space. We might think that the electron is rapidly moving around the nucleus and our experiment "catches" the electron as an instantaneous "snapshot" of it in motion. The probability of finding the electron in any region of space can then be described by a cloud that rapidly thins out as one goes farther from the nucleus. The density of the cloud at any point is the probability of finding the electron at that point.

 

 

 

The attractive electric force between the positively-charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively-charged electrons around the nucleus holds the atom together. Atoms containing the same number of protons and electrons have no net charge. Atoms that have extra electrons or are missing electrons have a net electrical charge and are called ions. Ions can interact with other ions due to the electrical attraction between opposite charges.

 

 

 

Atoms interact with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons that are farthest from the nucleus. These electrons are sometimes called valence electrons. These outer electrons determine the chemical properties of the element, such as how readily it interacts with other elements and the allowable ratios for its combinations with other substances.An element is a substance made up of a single type of atom. It can’t be broken into simpler components by chemical processes. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. They may be solids, liquids, or gases.

 

 

 

 

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thanx for this help