It is advisable to add acid to water and not vice versa because large amount of heat is released if water is added to acid. This released heat is large enough to cause harm.Acids can also be classified based on number of hydrogen ions. Monoprotic acid is the one which gives one mole of hydrogen ions per mole of acid, such as HCl. Diprotic Acid is the one which produces two mole of hydrogen ions per mole of acid. For Example, H2SO4.BasesBases are the one which produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. Bases which are water soluble they are known as Alkalis.They turn red litmus to blue.They have a bitter taste.They also produced carbon-dioxide when reacted with carbonates.They also evolved hydrogen gas when bases react with metals.\tReactions of Bases1. Reaction with MetalsBase reacts with metals and produce hydrogen gas.2NaOH + Zn → Na2 → Na2ZnO2 + H22. Reaction with AcidsBase reacts with acids to form salts. For Example,KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O3. Reaction with Non-metallic OxidesBase reacts with non-metallic oxides to form salt and water.2NaOH + CO2 → CO2­ → Na2CO3 + H2OClassification of BasesBases are classified as Strong Base and Weak Base. Strong base is the one which dissociates completely into its ions in aqueous solution. For Example, NaOH.Weak base is the one which does not dissociate completely into its ions in aqueous solutions. For Example, Ammonium Hydroxide, NH4OHBases are also classified as Dilute Base and Concentrated Base. The solution which has low concentration of base in aqueous solution is defined as Dilute Base whereas the one which has high concentration of base in aqueous solution is known as Concentrated Base.Strength of Acid or Base SolutionsThe dissociation constant of weak acid or weak base can be represented as-Suppose HA is weak acid, then dissociation constant is represented as-Strength of an acid or base can be determined using a pH scale. It is a scale to measure the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. The p stands for ‘potenz’, it is a German word which means power.If pH is equal to 7, means the solution is neutral.If pH is greater then 7 means alkaline solution.If pH is less then 7 means the solution is acidic.\tFig.1. pH scaleImportance of pHHuman body works at a pH of about

Jiya Jahanvi , 2 Years ago

Grade 10