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Wurtz reaction :
An alkyl halide on Wurtz reaction leads to the formation of symmetrical alkane having an even number of carbon atoms.Two different alkyl halides, on Wurtz reaction give all possible alkanes.CH3X + Na + C2H5X → CH3CH2CH3+ CH3CH3+ CH3CH2CH2CH3The different involved are steps are:CH3X + 2Na + C2H5X → CH3CH2CH3+ 2NaXCH3X + 2Na + C2H5X →CH3CH3+ 2NaXC2H5X + 2Na + C2H5X → C2H5C2H5+ 2NaXThe separation of mixture into individual members is not easy because their boiling points are near to each other and thus Wurtz reaction is not suitable for the synthesis of alkanes containing odd number of carbon atoms.When Zn is used in Wurtz reaction in place of Na, the reaction is named as Frankland method.
Limitations of Wurtz reaction :a.Methane can not be obtained by this methodb.The reaction fails in case of tertiary halides.
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