bipolaron,,,,,,,, use

Oxidation of the polymer by one more equivalent forms  bipolarons

Polarons  contribute to the mechanismof charge conduction in polyacetylene.Conducting polymers are slightly better electrical conductors than silicon semiconductorsbut are far worse than metallic conductors. They are currently used in anumber of devices, such as electrodes in batteries, electrolytic capacitors, and sensors.Recent studies of photon emission by conducting polymers may lead to new technologiesfor light-emitting diodes and flat-panel displays. Conducting polymers alsoshow promise as molecular wires that can be incorporated into nanometre-sized electronicdevices.