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Salts are strong electrolytes. When dissolved in water, they dissociate almost completely into ions. In some salts, cations are more reactive in comparison to anions and these react with water to produce H+ ions. Thus, the solution acquires acidic nature.
M+ + H2O MOH + H+
Weak base
In other salts, anions may be more reactive in comparison to cations and these react with water to produce OH- ions. Thus, the solution becomes basic.
A- + H2O HA + OH-
Weak acid
The process of salt hydrolysis is actually the reverse of neutralization.
Salt + Water Acid + Base
If acid is stronger than base, the solution is acidic and in case base is stronger than acid, the solution is alkaline. When both the acid and the base are either strong or weak, the solution is generally neutral in nature.
As the nature of the cation or the anion of the salt determines whether its solution will be acidic or basic, it is proper to divide the salts into four categories.
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