What is the role of OH- in disproptionation of cl,p and s so that disproptionation occurs only in alkaline medium???

Dear Swapnil,

Phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine undergo disproportionation in the alkaline medium as shown below : 
           
           
           ...........(1)
The above reaction describes the formation of household bleaching agents. The hypochlorite ion (ClO⁻) formed in the reaction oxidises the colour bearing stains of the substance to colourless compounds.

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