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sir,
can u plz explain me the born haebers cycle and how it is used to calculate lattice enthalpies??? i am not able to apply it??
Dear ocean,
Based on Hess's law Born and Haber in 1919 developed a simplified and cyclic method to correlate lattice energies of ionic crystals to other thermodynamic data. For example, the net energy changes during the formation of sodium chloride from metallic sodium and chlorine gas can be represented by DHf·
The overall process is thought to take place in following intermediate steps:
The energy required per mole of sodium is 'enthalpy of sublimation' which is represented by (Hs). This step is energy consuming process.
The energy required per mole of chlorine is 'enthalpy of dissociation' represented by (d)
The energy required in this process is called Ionization energy (IE).
This step involves the release of energy referred as Electron Affinity (EA).
This involves the release of energy referred as lattice energy (U).
The various energy changes in different steps are as shown:
Born Haber Cycle for NaCl
The sum of the energy changes taking place during various steps is equal to DHf i.e., heat of formation of NaCl(s) according to Hess' Law.
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