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sir, can u plz explain me the born haebers cycle and how it is used to calculate lattice enthalpies??? i am not able to apply it??

sir,


can u plz explain me the born haebers cycle and how it is used to calculate lattice enthalpies??? i am not able to apply it??

Grade:12

1 Answers

SAGAR SINGH - IIT DELHI
878 Points
13 years ago

 

Dear ocean,

Based on Hess's law Born and Haber in 1919 developed a simplified and cyclic method to correlate lattice energies of ionic crystals to other thermodynamic data. For example, the net energy changes during the formation of sodium chloride from metallic sodium and chlorine gas can be represented by DHf·

 

formation of sodium chloride

The overall process is thought to take place in following intermediate steps:

Intermediate steps

(i) Metallic sodium into gaseous sodium atom

The energy required per mole of sodium is 'enthalpy of sublimation' which is represented by (Hs). This step is energy consuming process.

conversion of  metallic sodium into gaseous sodium atom

(ii) Dissociation of chlorine molecule into chlorine atoms

The energy required per mole of chlorine is 'enthalpy of dissociation' represented by (d)

Dissociation of chlorine molecule

(iii) Gaseous sodium atom into gaseous cation

The energy required in this process is called Ionization energy (IE).

conversion of gaseous sodium atom into gaseous cation

(iv) Gaseous chlorine atom into gaseous anion

This step involves the release of energy referred as Electron Affinity (EA).

conversion of gaseous chlorine atom into gaseous anion

(v) Combination of oppositely charged gaseous ions to form solid crystal

This involves the release of energy referred as lattice energy (U).

The various energy changes in different steps are as shown:

born haber cycle for  sodium chloride

Born Haber Cycle for NaCl

The sum of the energy changes taking place during various steps is equal to DHf i.e., heat of formation of NaCl(s) according to Hess' Law.

heat of formation of sodium chloride using hess law

Please feel free to ask your queries here. We are all IITians and here to help you in your IIT JEE preparation.

All the best.

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Askiitians Expert

Sagar Singh

B.Tech, IIT Delhi

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