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which one has highest dipole moment? 1)nitro benzene 2)para nitro aniline 3)ortho nitro aniline 4)meta nitro aniline

which one has highest dipole moment?
1)nitro benzene
2)para nitro aniline
3)ortho nitro aniline
4)meta nitro aniline

Grade:12

2 Answers

Pankaj
askIITians Faculty 131 Points
9 years ago
Nitro group is electron withdrawing while amine group is electron donating in nature.
The dipole moment of both nitro and amine group are in the same direction so they add up which increases the dipole moment.

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The effect of nitro group is maximum when it is present at p- position , so p-nitroaniline has highest dipole moment.
subhadeep
11 Points
2 years ago
Due to +R effect of amine and -R effect of nitro group, dipole moment is maximum when at para position to each other. This is also called push-pull effect. 

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