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Let’s start with the basic concept of hydrogen bonding; hydrogen bond is a dipole-dipole attraction between two molecules. It is not a covalent bond with hydrogen. It mainly happens between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and fluorine (F).
The electronegativity goes like
F > O > N≈ClF > O > N≈Cl
, with fluorine be most electronegative followed by oxygen then nitrogen and chlorine.
Hydrogen bonding can be intermolecular (between two different molecules) and intramolecular (in the same molecule itself) both, the example of intramolecular are ortho nitrophenol and boric acid.
Higher the number of hydrogen bonds formed between water and another covalent molecule, more the molecule soluble in water.
Now, we have a basic understanding of hydrogen bonding. Let’s write the molecular formula of these four
Chloroethane: ClH2C − CH3Chloroethane: ClH2C − CH3
Ethanol: CH3− CH2 − OHEthanol: CH3− CH2 − OH
Ethanal: CH3− CHOEthanal: CH3− CHO
Ethylene glycol: OH − CH2− CH2− OHEthylene glycol: OH − CH2− CH2− OH
The maximum no. of hydroxyl group in ethylene glycol is 2. Since 2 hydroxyl groups are present in ethylene glycol, it will form the maximum no. of hydrogen bonds with the water molecules and hence, will be more soluble as compared with others.
So, we can conclude that the answer to this question is D. Ethylene glycol.
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