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WHAT IS ORTHO EFFECT?????????????????????????????????????????///////////////////////////

WHAT IS ORTHO EFFECT?????????????????????????????????????????///////////////////////////

Grade:12th pass

1 Answers

Deepak Kumar Shringi
askIITians Faculty 4404 Points
5 years ago

Dear student,

The ortho effect if based on the premise that an ortho-substituted acid (takebenzoic acidas an example) is more acidic than the meta or para-substituted form. This effect is not dependent on the nature of the substituent (e- donating or e- withdrawing). The reason for this is that the steric hinderance between the substituent and the neighboring carboxylate forces the carboxylate to bend out of the plane of the aromatic ring. This conformational shift alters the delocalization of the charge into the benzene ring, making it easier for the negative charge to be delocalized throughout the pi-system

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