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Basically there are 3 types of hydrocarbons.
1.) Alkanes- with general formula CnH(2n+2) where n is the no. Of carbon atoms. These contain only single bonds or what u call as sigma bonds. During their nomenclature suffix “ane" is used. These are called *Saturated* hydrocarbons.
2.) Alkenes- with general formula CnH(2n). These contain atleast 1 double bond i.e. one sigma and a pi bond. Suffix “ene".
3. Alkynes- with general formula CnH(2n-2). Contain atleast one triple bond i.e one sigma and 2 pi bonds. Suffix “yne”.
Alkenes and alkynes are called *Unsaturated* hydrocarbons.
These hydrocarbons may contain various functional groups like “OH” for alcohol like - CH2OH; “NH2” for amines like -CH2NH2 etc. Based on this, the entire organic chemistry is based.
Regards
Arun (askIITians forum expert)
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