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ADNAN MUHAMMED

Grade 12,

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Three limitations of Williamson synthesis for ether?

Three limitations of Williamson synthesis for ether?

Grade:12

1 Answers

Arun
25750 Points
6 years ago
In situ preparation of alkoxide ions is done as they are extremely reactive. Potassium hydroxide or a carbonate base is used for the laboratory preparation, whereas phase transfer catalysis is used when doing industrial synthesis. Acetonitrile and N, N-dimethylformamide are used as solvents.It takes around 1-8 hours to complete the reaction and it takes place at a temperature of around 50-100°C. One can get a yield of between 50-95% in the lab preparation as using up the raw material completely is rare, due to side reactions. The industrial procedure shows better quantitative results. Lab synthesis does not usually require a catalyst but if the alkylating agent is unreactive then to improve the rate of reaction iodide salt can be added which yields an extremely reactive iodide after a halide exchange with the chloride. Silver salts like Silver Oxide are used in extreme cases which helps the leaving halide group and makes its exodus more simple

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