Dear Saqib
 
 
	
		
			
			
Intramolecular Cannizaro
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
i)  Aluminium isobutoxide
			
ii) Acetone (Oppenaur Oxidation)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reverse of MPV oxidises alcohol to carbonyl
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
RO- (Claisen Schmidt Reaction)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
i) Acetic anhydride
			
ii) Sodium acetate (Perkin’s reaction)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
i)  Aluminium isobutoxide
			
ii) Propan-2 ol (MPV Reduction)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reduces ketone to alcohol
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Cannizaro Reaction
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
This is reaction of compounds which don’t have alpha hydrogen
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Cross Cannizaro
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
Anhydrous H contains no water
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
i) CHCH3 - Alc KOH
			
ii) H3O+ (Riemann Tiemann)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
(i) CO2
			
(ii) H3O+ (Kolbe’s reaction)
			
			
			
High Pressure
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
AlCl3 (Fries rearrangement)
			
			
			
Heat
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
(i) K2S2O8
			
(ii) H3O+ (Elb’s persulphate oxidation)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
(i) Fused NaOH
			
(ii) H3O+ (Dow’s process)
			
			
			
High Pressure
			
			
			
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
KMnO4, H+ (or) K2Cr2O7, H+ (or) H2CrO4
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Oxidises alcohol to acid
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
PCC (Pyrindinium) chloro chromate
			
			
			
Solvent CS2
			
			
			
Restricted oxidation of alcohol. Forms aldehyde.
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
MnO2 special oxidising agent for alcohol
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
HI
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
For 1 degree carbon
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
For 3 degree carbon
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Conc HI contains very less water
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
(i) Alc KOH
			
(ii) NaNH2
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
X2 CCI4
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Adds both X on compound having double or triple bond
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Cold Dil KMnO4
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
 
			
 
		
		
			
			
Hot KMnO4
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
 
			
 
		
		
			
			
CF3SO3-
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Super Leaving Group
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
LiAH4 –ether
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reduces ester to alcohol
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
NaBH4- ROH (protic solvent)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reduces to alcohol but cannot act on ester
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Cr2O2-Cu2O
			
			
			
Heat, High Pressure
			
			
			
Causes cleavage and reduction of ester
			
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
OSO4 + H2O-NaHSO3 or Cold Dilute KMnO4 (Hydroxylation)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Gives syn vicinal dihalide from alkene
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Per-formic acid (Anti Hydroxylation)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Gives anti vicinal diol
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
HBr in presence of H2O2 (Only for HBr)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Anti Marknokov’s
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Hot Alkaline KMnO4
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Replaces “=” with either C = O or COOH
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
CH2-I2, ZnCu
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Adds methyl in cyclic manner
			
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
Alcoholic KOH
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Removes HX from compound and adds double bond
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Zn dust
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Removes all HX
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
H2 PdBaSO4 or S-Quinoline (Lindhar’s catalyst) or BH3-THF
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reduces alkyne to alkene
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Ph3P = CH2
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Replaces O of Carbonyl with methyl
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
NOX
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
ONDM (Oxymercuration demercuration)
			
(i) Hg (OAC)2 + THF-H2O
			
(ii) NaBH4-OH-
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
NBS
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Substitutes allyic carbon with aldehyde
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
(i) NH2-NH2
			
(ii) RO-
			
			
			
heat
			
			
			
Reduces carbonyl group to ketone or aldehyde
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
H3PO2
			
			
			
Heat
			
			
			
Removes diazo group
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
LiAH4 or NaBH4 or Ph3 SnH
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reduction
			
		
		
			
			
R2 CuL (Lithium dialkylcuprate)
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Removes halogen from RX and adds R
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Mg-ether
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Adds Mg between R &  X
			
		
		
			
			
Red P + HI
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reduces all to corresponding alkanes
			
		
	
 
	
		
			
			
Name
			
			
			
Condition
			
			
			
Example
			
		
		
			
			
Br2 + CS2
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Causes Br to go on ring
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Br2 + H2O
			
			
			
Compound should be more activated than benzene
			
			
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
Sn + HCI
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Reduces group
			
			
		
		
			
			
CuCI + HCI
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Removes Diazo group
			
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
NH4H or NaS or Na2S
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Special regents which reduce only 1 NO2 group
			
		
		
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
 
			
		
		
			
			
CrO2CI2 + H3O+
			
			
			
 
			
			
			
Converts toluene to benzaidehyde
			
		
	
 
 
 
Hope it helps
 
Regards
Aru (askIITians forum expert)