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ethanol + HBr -----> ethylbromide + waterplease give mechanismthis question came in cbse 2014 exam
When treated with HBr,ethanol goes a nucleophilic substitution reaction to generate ethylbromide and water.Reaction usually proceeds via SN1 mechanism which proceeds via a carbocation intermediate that can also undergo rearrangement.Mechanism:Step 1 ) An acid base reaction takes place,Protonation of the alcoholic oxygen takes place to make it a better leaving group. This step is very fast and reversible. The lone pairs on the oxygen make it a Lewis base.Step 2) Cleavage of the C-O bond allows the loss of the good leaving group, a neutral water molecule to give a carbocation intermediate.This is the rate determining step (bond breaking is intermediate)Step 3 ) Attack of the nucleophilic bromide ion on the elctrophilic carbocations create ethylbromide.Thanks & RegardsRuchi ShawaskIITians faculty
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