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Arrange in decreasing order of acidic strength and explain with reason1.o-chloro benzoic acid2.p-chloro benzoic acid3. m-chloro benzoic acid
Acidic strength of an acid is determined by how easily compound can give H+ ion.Since Cl shows – I effect thus reducing the charge density of oxygen hence makes the removal of Hydrogen easier. Since inductive effect depends upon the position and weakens with the distance.Thus, the order of acidic strength follows the order:O-chlorobenzoic acid > m-Chloro benzoic acid > p-chlorobenzoic acid
Chlorine has electron donating resonance effect and electron withdrawal inductive effect, as -I effect of halogen is stronger than +R effect....so net effect is electron withdrawal.Now chlorine at ortho and para position is in direct resonance with COOH of benzoic acid...making positive charge on carbon bearing COOH and a positively charged carbon is strongly withdraw electron .Considering all these factors the order is thus m-chloro benzoic acid>o-chloro benzoic acid>p-chloro benzoic acid. p-chloro benzoic is least acidic
m-chloro benzoic acid is less acidic then p-chloro benzoic acid because lone pairs of chlorine participates in resonance and there is no resonance effect at meta position therefore chlorine at para position participates in resonance and is more acidic
Acidic strength of acid determined by how easily it can give a H+ ion....In o-chlorobenzoic acid, o-chlorobenzoic acid and m-chlorobenzoic acid...The acidic strength of that three compound are given below..P-chlorobenzoic acid>o-chlorobenzoic acid>m-chlorobenzoic ...Because in benzene the para positions compounds transfer electron Large time than the ortho and meta....Same as in the ortho position electron ransfer large Time than the meta position....Hence , p-chlorobenzoic acid > o-chlorobenzoic acid >m-chlorobenzoic acid.
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